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  • Open Daily: 10am - 10pm
    Alley-side Pickup: 10am - 7pm

    3038 Hennepin Ave Minneapolis, MN
    612-822-4611

Open Daily: 10am - 10pm | Alley-side Pickup: 10am - 7pm
3038 Hennepin Ave Minneapolis, MN
612-822-4611
Neuropsychological Studies of Nonfocal Brain Damage: Dementia and Trauma

Neuropsychological Studies of Nonfocal Brain Damage: Dementia and Trauma

Whitaker, Harry

Paperback

Series: Springer Neuropsychology

Medical ReferenceGeneral Psychology

ISBN10: 1461387531
ISBN13: 9781461387534
Publisher: Springer
Published: Oct 21 2011
Pages: 308
Weight: 1.03
Height: 0.69 Width: 6.14 Depth: 9.21
Language: English
In summary, considerable controversy and research have been generated from the automatic/effortful distinction. Hasher and Zacks (1979) initially stated that all manipulations (e. g., practice, individual differences such as age, orienting instructions) must produce null effects in order to satisfy the criteria that a process is automatic. However, Zacks et al. (1984) have more recently noted that automatic processes may range in degree from relative insensitivity to task and subject variables (e. g., frequency processing) to those that are more vulnera- ble to disruptive effects (e. g., temporal processing). A review of the literature reveals that individuals are sensitive to frequency information even if manipUla- tions alter the slope of the judgments. Perhaps the application of dual-task metho- dology to the measurement of capacity demands will be useful in classifying processes along an attentional continuum. Moreover, there has been a tendency to dichotomize automatic/effortful processes rather than to characterize them as ranging from low to high attentional demands. Recent evidence (Maki & Ostby, 1987) suggests that attention may be important only in the initial (early) stages of processing frequency information. Therefore, a major difference that may emerge between automatic and effortful processing could be the degree of sus- tained attention required from individuals. In the following section, we review the findings obtained in the application of the automatic/effortful framework to the elderly and neurological/psychiatric populations.

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