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Quantum International Economics
Paperback
Series: Quantum Economics, Book 10
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ISBN13: 9798905891328
Publisher: Primal Economics Press
Published: Sep 12 2026
Pages: 490
Weight: 2.48
Height: 0.99 Width: 8.50 Depth: 11.00
Language: English
Publisher: Primal Economics Press
Published: Sep 12 2026
Pages: 490
Weight: 2.48
Height: 0.99 Width: 8.50 Depth: 11.00
Language: English
For three centuries, international economics has sequentially developed through three stages: trade theory, international equilibrium theory, and the theory of intertemporal optimization with representative agents under rational expectations. However, contemporary real-world phenomena - crises transmitted across entangled markets within minutes; exchange rates constituted, rather than merely revealed, by quoting behaviour; cross-border supply chains functioning as unified organisms; and persistent imbalances that fail to converge over decades - all lie beyond the scope of the classical analytical framework constructed from independent agents, fixed endowments and neutral observers. This monograph is the first work globally to systematically reconstruct international economics within a quantum paradigm. A nation's trade posture, exchange rate and policy stance are formulated as superposition states, which only resolve into definite values upon measurement. The joint state of national economies and firms is non-separable, i.e., entanglement. Classical theories including Ricardo's theory, the Heckscher-Ohlin model, Krugman's framework and the Dornbusch model are precisely derived as limiting cases under the conditions of a single eigenstate, commutativity, absence of interference, and complete decoherence.
The book comprises six parts and thirty chapters. Part I, Theoretical Foundations, outlines the parallel evolution of trade theories and international finance, critiques the mechanistic worldview, establishes practical ontology alongside five core propositions: superposition, entanglement, measurement collapse, uncertainty and non-equilibrium, and advances the hypothesis of quantum international agents. Part II, Core Theory, reconstructs quantum comparative advantage, quantum factor endowments, quantum exchange rates, quantum balance of payments, and quantum global value chains. Part III, Trade and Investment, addresses the paradigm shift in trade theory, the operator property of tariffs as measurement and perturbation, entanglement in multinational enterprises' global resource allocation, the transition from customs unions to quantum regional communities, and quantum global trade governance. Part IV, Finance and Currency, covers international financial markets, the evolution from Bretton Woods to a quantum monetary order, exchange rate determination, international capital flows, and the quantum evolution of currency crises via phase transitions and tunnelling. Part V, Applications and Policy, examines international macroeconomic policy coordination, development and transition economics, international order, and quantum governance for global public goods. Part VI, Frontiers and Futures, explores the digital economy, quantum artificial intelligence economics and climate economics, and closes with a vision toward an entangled global community.
Methodologically, every quantum formulation demands mathematical validity, an explicit statement of its classical limiting conditions, and empirically testable advantages. The book adheres to three foundational axioms: relations precede relata, measurement is constitutive, and non-equilibrium constitutes the normal state. Each chapter contains figures, summaries and review questions. This volume targets graduate students, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in global trade and economic affairs.
Methodologically, every quantum formulation demands mathematical validity, an explicit statement of its classical limiting conditions, and empirically testable advantages. The book adheres to three foundational axioms: relations precede relata, measurement is constitutive, and non-equilibrium constitutes the normal state. Each chapter contains figures, summaries and review questions. This volume targets graduate students, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in global trade and economic affairs.
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