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612-822-4611
Optically Controlled Microwave Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics

Optically Controlled Microwave Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics

Paperback

Technology & Engineering

ISBN10: 6630253914
ISBN13: 9786630253917
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Published: Jul 30 2026
Pages: 88
Weight: 0.28
Height: 0.21 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: English
This book presents the design, development, and validation of an innovative optically controlled microwave sensor for non-invasive, real-time detection of urea concentration in human urine, addressing critical limitations of conventional biochemical assays that are costly, time-consuming, and unsuitable for point-of-care applications. The proposed sensor operates at 1.22 GHz and uniquely integrates three synergistic design elements: a circular spiral inductor (CSI) combined with an interdigital capacitor (IDC) to form a high-Q resonant structure that concentrates electromagnetic fields in the sensing region; Hilbert fractal stubs that minimize diffraction effects and optimize impedance matching; and a light-dependent resistor (LDR) that enables a novel hybrid optical-microwave transduction mechanism, wherein the optical transparency of urine-inversely correlated with its urea concentration-modulates the LDR resistance and thereby directly alters the insertion loss magnitude (S₂₁) at the fixed resonance frequency. Numerical validation using CST Microwave Studio and experimental testing on human urine samples from 15 patients.

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