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  • Open Daily: 10am - 10pm
    Alley-side Pickup: 10am - 7pm

    3038 Hennepin Ave Minneapolis, MN
    612-822-4611

Open Daily: 10am - 10pm | Alley-side Pickup: 10am - 7pm
3038 Hennepin Ave Minneapolis, MN
612-822-4611
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology

Ahmad, Sami

Paperback

Medical ReferenceBiologyGeneral Gardening

ISBN10: 1461596912
ISBN13: 9781461596912
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: Feb 5 2012
Pages: 448
Weight: 1.40
Height: 0.97 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: English
The ground-state of molecular oxygen, O, is essential to many 2 indispensible metabolic processes of all aerobic life forms ranging from prokaryotes, protists, plants, and fungi to animals. Research by mammalian toxicologists and clinicians has unravelled persua- sive evidence that O dependence imposes universal toxicity to all 2 aerobic life processes. The basis of this paradox is that one-electron reduction of O2 generates the superoxide anion free radical, 0;-, from numerous biological sources; for example, redox-active autoxidizable molecules such as catecholamines, oxidoreductases, and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reti'C- ulum (microsomes), nuclei, and chloroplasts. Oxygen is also acti- vated in biologically relevant photosensitizing reactions to highly re- active singlet oxygen, 10, 2 In all biological systems, 0;- undergoes further reduction to H 0 2 2 via Fenton reaction to the hydroxyl radical, -OH. These, and some other forms of activated O, constitute reactive oxygen species (ROS) 2 and/or metabolites (ROM). Both 'OH and 10 are the most reactive 2 forms of ROS known and among their deleterious reactions are ox- idation of proteins, DNA, steroidal compounds, and peroxidation of the cell membrane's unsaturated lipids to form unstable hydro- peroxides. Their many breakdown products include malondialde- hyde and hydroxynonenals that are themselves highly reactive and threaten cellular integrity and function. More importantly, they de- compose to free radicals that can continue to propagate the vicious lipid peroxidation chain reaction. This is the so-called endogenous oxidative stress with which all aerobic organisms must cope.

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