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Histoire du rire et de la dérision
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CognitionGeneral World History
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ISBN10: 221360696X
ISBN13: 9782213606965
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Feb 28 2018
Pages: 636
Weight: 1.91
Height: 1.28 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782213606965
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Feb 28 2018
Pages: 636
Weight: 1.91
Height: 1.28 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
Le rire est une vertu que Dieu a donnée aux hommes pour les consoler d'être intelligents, disait Marcel Pagnol. Une vertu qui a plus de deux mille ans, comme en témoignent les recueils d'histoires drôles dont Grecs et Romains étaient déjà friands. Mais peut-on rire de tout ? Oui, affirme Démocrite, dont le rire désabusé a des accents étonnement modernes. Oui, dit aussi Cicéron qui répertorie mille façons de faire rire. Non, proclament en revanche les pères de l'Eglise, car le rire est un phénomène diabolique, une insulte à la création divine, une manifestation d'orgueil. Leurs arguments ne sont cependant guère entendus au Moyen Age .les rois s'entourent de fous, les hommes jouent à se moquer les uns des autres lors des charivaris, et l'humour, qui n'est encore que parodie, se glisse même dans les sermons des prédicateurs.
Avec Rabelais apparaît une autre façon de rire, un rire ambigu qui ébranle toutes les certitudes et se prolonge au-delà de la Renaissance, tour à tour picaresque, grotesque, burlesque. La monarchie absolue veut faire rentrer les rieurs dans le rang. Mais peut-on domestiquer le rire ? Déguisé en humour acide, il ronge peu à peu les fondements du pouvoir et de la société. C'est tout naturellement qu'au XIX siècle il trouve son terrain de prédilection dans la satire politique, tandis que les philosophes dissèquent ses vertus, parfois pour les déplorer, et que Baudelaire recherche le comique absolu . L'ironie devient un mode de relation entre l'homme et le monde. Elle protège contre l'angoisse et l'exprime en même temps. Je ris avec le vieux machiniste Destin , écrit Victor Hugo qui fixe en des formules immortelles l'ambiguïté du rire. Avec les Zutistes, Fumistes et autres J'menfoutistes, le XIX siècle s'achève sur une apothéose du rire insensé. Le monde désormais va tout tourner en dérision, ses dieux comme ses démons. Georges Minois, professeur d'histoire et historien des mentalités religieuses, est l'auteur de nombreuses synthèses sur le culture occidentale. Il est en particulier l'auteur de l'Histoire de l'athéisme.
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