Allevamento Di Bovini: Un manuale completo su riproduzione, alimentazione, mungitura, salute della mandria e gestione sostenibile del bestiame.
Paperback
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: May 19 2026
Pages: 288
Weight: 0.85
Height: 0.60 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: Italian
Lo scheletro bovino sostiene una grande massa corporea, facilitando al contempo un pascolo efficiente e lunghi periodi in piedi. Le caratteristiche principali includono:
- Scheletro assiale: cranio, colonna vertebrale (cervicale, toracica, lombare, sacrale, caudale) e costole. Le vertebre toraciche sostengono un torace profondo che ospita un grande rumine e i polmoni. La regione lombare deve resistere alle forze di taglio generate dal riempimento del rumine e dalla gravidanza.
- Scheletro appendicolare: gli arti anteriori si attaccano al tronco tramite muscoli e tessuto connettivo anziché attraverso una clavicola ossea, consentendo l'assorbimento degli urti durante la locomozione. Le ossa metacarpali/metatarsali formano un osso cannone fuso; il peso è sostenuto principalmente dalle dita III e IV (gli artigli).
- Complesso dello zoccolo: la capsula cheratinizzata del corno avvolge le lamine sensibili; un corretto angolo dello zoccolo e una profondità adeguata del tallone mantengono una distribuzione uniforme del peso. La laminite subclinica altera il flusso sanguigno e la qualità del corno, predisponendo a ulcere della suola e alla malattia della linea bianca.
La pelle fornisce una barriera contro le intemperie e i parassiti e funge da organo termoregolatore. I bovini disperdono il calore attraverso:
- Vasodilatazione periferica e aumento della frequenza respiratoria.
- Le ghiandole sudoripare, più numerose nelle razze zebu che in quelle taurine, conferiscono tolleranza al calore.
- Termoregolazione comportamentale: ricerca dell'ombra, modifica degli orari di pascolo e raggruppamento per ridurre l'esposizione al vento.
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