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Comment le dire en arabe ?: Quelques éléments de polysémie
Paperback
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Mar 1 2022
Pages: 262
Weight: 0.71
Height: 0.65 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
Cet ouvrage est conçu pour aider les étudiants d'arabe à connaître les différences lexicales et syntaxiques entre arabe et français. Il peut être utile surtout en parallèle à l'étude du tome III de la méthode Les bases de l'arabe en 50 semaines.
Le but premier est de rappeler que la recherche de la symétrie entre les deux langues est une erreur, naturelle chez le débutant, mais néfaste par la suite. Le mot-à -mot est une voie sans issue et l'utilisation systématique d'un dictionnaire moderne pour trouver le mot correspondant est souvent synonyme de perte de temps et de risque de découragement.
Dans cet ouvrage, les énoncés se présentent, à chaque entrée, autour d'un terme français dont le sens varie d'une manière notable. L'équivalent arabe indique une traduction générale courante, augmentée parfois de quelques variantes. Cette présentation pourrait s'enrichir de l'expérience de l'étudiant à travers ses lectures littéraires et son contact avec la langue arabe. Des régionalismes pourraient s'y inviter, ou des tournures classiques ou poétiques, par exemple. Des citations peuvent aussi y être associées. Le livre doit continuer à évoluer et être personnalisé par l'étudiant lui-même, s'il le souhaite.
Les entrées choisies sont d'un degré variable de polysémie. Certaines d'entre elles auraient pu donner lieu à beaucoup plus d'énoncés (pied, oeil, coup, par exemple). Pour des raisons pratiques et pour obtenir un certain équilibre dans cet ouvrage, seuls les traits les plus contrastés sont retenus.
Les entrées (français) sont données en majuscules sans accents afin de permettre d'aborder un nombre suffisant de variantes. Cela a été surtout nécessaire avec des termes comme COTE ou PECHE, par exemple. Par ailleurs, quand l'entrée correspond à un infinitif, les énoncés s'ouvrent parfois à ses différents dérivés, mais parfois non, pour éviter d'alourdir l'ouvrage.
Le vocabulaire employé ici en arabe peut parfois surprendre. Certains mots peuvent avoir un synonyme fréquent. L'utilisation de l'un ou l'autre des deux termes reflète l'usage courant qui ne s'est pas encore fixé sur un choix définitif. C'est le cas pour téléphone, bus, ordinateur, par exemple. Par ailleurs, certains noms d'aliments pourraient se révéler problématiques, comme pour gâteau, car le terme arabe qui convient varie d'un pays à l'autre. Le choix fait ici est souvent un peu artificiel, mais reprend l'usage répandu dans les médias. Il faut se rappeler que le lexique relatif aux aliments et aux vêtements, entre autres champs sémantiques, est très fortement marqué de régionalismes étroitement liés au parler local.
L'idée de cet ouvrage a émergé dans un exercice du tome III (semaines 15 à 21) avec 36 entrées. Elles sont environ 200 ici. Le concept s'est par ailleurs révélé intéressant même pour l'enseignement du FLE (Français langue étrangère), sans exiger de l'enseignant de savoir l'arabe. Les arabophones apprenant le français pourraient donc y trouver un outil appréciable, sans devoir consulter un manuel d'arabe. Cependant, le public visé ici demeure avant tout celui des étudiants d'arabe francophones. Dès lors, l'ensemble des énoncés en arabe est enregistré au format mp3 et accessible gratuitement sur notre site: http: //www.al-hakkak.fr/Son-polysemie.html
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