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The Umayyad Caliphate: The History and Legacy of the Second Islamic Kingdom Established After Muhammad's Death

The Umayyad Caliphate: The History and Legacy of the Second Islamic Kingdom Established After Muhammad's Death

Paperback

General Middle Eastern History

ISBN13: 9798643339489
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: May 4 2020
Pages: 52
Weight: 0.32
Height: 0.11 Width: 8.50 Depth: 11.00
Language: English
*Includes pictures
*Includes a bibliography for further reading
The split between the two forms of Islam was already in the process of forming upon the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad had constructed around himself not only a potent new religious movement but also a powerful young state called the Ummah (the Community for lack of a better translation). Belonging to the Islamic faith also meant belonging to the Ummah, which was governed by its own laws and had many of its own institutions. In his own lifetime, Muhammad had ruled the Ummah through what sociologists call charismatic authority, a term coined by Max Weber that is defined as resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative patterns or order revealed or ordained by him. Hence, Muslims believe Muhammad ruled because he was uniquely chosen and endowed by God as the exemplar of all humanity, giving him a unique (though not perfect or infallible) ability to govern humanity. This was a holistic form of governance because the Prophet did not simply deliver God's words (what became the Holy Qur'an), nor did he simply pronounce upon court cases and create laws. He did all those things, but he also presented in his own person the embodiment of the best that humanity could aspire to. He was fully human, but the finest, most pious example that humans would ever produce.

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