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O Império Português e a África: A História e o Legado da Exploração e Colonização por Portugal da Costa da África Ocidental
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African HistoryGeneral European History
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ISBN10: 1799036561
ISBN13: 9781799036562
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Mar 7 2019
Pages: 100
Weight: 0.56
Height: 0.21 Width: 8.50 Depth: 11.00
Language: Portuguese
ISBN13: 9781799036562
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Mar 7 2019
Pages: 100
Weight: 0.56
Height: 0.21 Width: 8.50 Depth: 11.00
Language: Portuguese
Em meados do século 15, o Império Bizantino entrou em colapso, e as várias Cruzadas que haviam ocorrido na região interromperam em grande parte os caminhos terrestres da Rota da Seda e do comércio. Além das dificuldades no comércio, houve a ascensão do Império Otomano no lugar do Bizantino, além da eclosão da peste negra na Europa.
Mais ou menos nessa época, teve início um período de exploração na Europa, e os principais fatores que contribuíram para tal foram introduzidos pelos chineses, embora de maneira indireta. A bússola magnética já havia sido desenvolvida e vinha sendo usada pelos marinheiros chineses desde o século 12, apesar de ter sido criada pela primeira vez no século 3 d.C., como um dispositivo de adivinhação. A dinastia Song, então, começou a usar o dispositivo para navegação terrestre no século 11, e marinheiros passaram a usá-la logo depois. A tecnologia se espalhou lentamente para o oeste através de comerciantes árabes, embora possam existir argumentos para uma criação europeia autônoma da bússola (Southey 1812: 210). Independentemente disso, no início do século 13, a bússola encontrou seu caminho até os comerciantes ocidentais, chegando em um momento em que o comércio aumentava em toda a Europa.
O comércio foi capaz de crescer na Europa e em todo o mundo devido à introdução de navios mais eficazes, e algumas das melhorias recebidas pelos navios foram primeiro apresentadas pelos chineses. A introdução de múltiplos navios de mastro, além de lemes de popa, permitiu que os navios viajassem mais rapidamente e fossem mais manobráveis. No início do século 15, os navios já eram, agora, muito maiores e capazes de suportar viagens de longa distância com um número mínimo de tripulantes a bordo.
Com isso, os portugueses começaram a explorar a costa oeste da África e o Atlântico sob as ordens do Infante D. Henrique, o Navegador. Naquele momento, os europeus ainda não tinham sido capazes de navegar por toda a África, pois os navios construídos não eram capazes de navegar para muito longe da costa, e a navegação em águas abertas era complicada, mas os portugueses continuaram a se aventurar pela costa oeste da África, procurando maneiras de evitarem os otomanos e os muçulmanos da África que dificultavam as rotas comerciais terrestres. Em 1.451, o Infante D. Henrique, o Navegador, ajudou a financiar e desenvolver um novo tipo de navio, a caravela, que apresentava velas latinas triangulares e seria capaz de viajar em mar aberto e navegar contra o vento. Em 1.488, Bartolomeu Dias contornou a ponta-sul da África, nomeada como Cabo da Boa Esperança pelo rei João de Portugal, e adentrou o Oceano Índico a partir do Atlântico.
Um explorador, Cristóvão Colombo, procurou financiamento entre os portugueses para encontrar um caminho até a Ásia, navegando para o oeste, mas foi rejeitado. Naquele momento, no final do século 15, a dominação de Portugal das rotas marítimas da África Ocidental levou sua vizinha, a Coroa de Castela, e os monarcas católicos na Espanha moderna a procurarem uma rota alternativa até o sul e leste da Ásia (denominado Índias), portanto, forneceram a Colombo o financiamento necessário. Em última análise, Colombo descobriu as Américas em 1.492, e os assentamentos espanhóis nas Índias Ocidentais acabaram sendo estabelecidos.
É claro que, quando se tornou óbvio que Colombo não havia desembarcado na Ásia, todos compreenderam que aquela não era, necessariamente, a rota que os europeus procuravam, e os portugueses continuaram a enviar exploradores pelo Cabo da Boa Esperança, na tentativa de alcançar as Índias Orientais. Após uma viagem de dois anos, em 1.499, Vasco da Gama chegou com sucesso à Índia e retornou a Portugal.
O comércio foi capaz de crescer na Europa e em todo o mundo devido à introdução de navios mais eficazes, e algumas das melhorias recebidas pelos navios foram primeiro apresentadas pelos chineses. A introdução de múltiplos navios de mastro, além de lemes de popa, permitiu que os navios viajassem mais rapidamente e fossem mais manobráveis. No início do século 15, os navios já eram, agora, muito maiores e capazes de suportar viagens de longa distância com um número mínimo de tripulantes a bordo.
Com isso, os portugueses começaram a explorar a costa oeste da África e o Atlântico sob as ordens do Infante D. Henrique, o Navegador. Naquele momento, os europeus ainda não tinham sido capazes de navegar por toda a África, pois os navios construídos não eram capazes de navegar para muito longe da costa, e a navegação em águas abertas era complicada, mas os portugueses continuaram a se aventurar pela costa oeste da África, procurando maneiras de evitarem os otomanos e os muçulmanos da África que dificultavam as rotas comerciais terrestres. Em 1.451, o Infante D. Henrique, o Navegador, ajudou a financiar e desenvolver um novo tipo de navio, a caravela, que apresentava velas latinas triangulares e seria capaz de viajar em mar aberto e navegar contra o vento. Em 1.488, Bartolomeu Dias contornou a ponta-sul da África, nomeada como Cabo da Boa Esperança pelo rei João de Portugal, e adentrou o Oceano Índico a partir do Atlântico.
Um explorador, Cristóvão Colombo, procurou financiamento entre os portugueses para encontrar um caminho até a Ásia, navegando para o oeste, mas foi rejeitado. Naquele momento, no final do século 15, a dominação de Portugal das rotas marítimas da África Ocidental levou sua vizinha, a Coroa de Castela, e os monarcas católicos na Espanha moderna a procurarem uma rota alternativa até o sul e leste da Ásia (denominado Índias), portanto, forneceram a Colombo o financiamento necessário. Em última análise, Colombo descobriu as Américas em 1.492, e os assentamentos espanhóis nas Índias Ocidentais acabaram sendo estabelecidos.
É claro que, quando se tornou óbvio que Colombo não havia desembarcado na Ásia, todos compreenderam que aquela não era, necessariamente, a rota que os europeus procuravam, e os portugueses continuaram a enviar exploradores pelo Cabo da Boa Esperança, na tentativa de alcançar as Índias Orientais. Após uma viagem de dois anos, em 1.499, Vasco da Gama chegou com sucesso à Índia e retornou a Portugal.
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A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza's Scandalous Treatise and the Birth of the Secular Age
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Greatness and Ruin: Self-Reflection and Universalism within European Civilization
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The World Hunt: An Environmental History of the Commodification of Animals
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The Pursuit of Glory: The Five Revolutions That Made Modern Europe: 1648-1815
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Norse Paganism for Beginners: Explore The History of The Old Norse Religion - Asatru, Cosmology, Astrology, Mythology, Magic, Runes, Tarot, Witchcraft
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Crossing the Danube: Life Along a Frontier at the End of the Roman Empire
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The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931
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The Lives and Deaths of the Princesses of Hesse: The Curious Destinies of Queen Victoria's Granddaughters
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Rescue Board: The Untold Story of America's Efforts to Save the Jews of Europe
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Portrait of an Obsession: How England's Greatest Private Library Was Built from the Ruins of Europe's Monasteries
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A Light in the Northern Sea: Denmark's Incredible Rescue of Their Jewish Citizens During WWII
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Families Directly Descended from All the Royal Families in Europe (495 to 1932) & Mayflower Descendants. Bound with Supplement
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Monastic Desires: Homoeroticism, Homophobia, and the Love of God in Medieval Constantinople
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Armenian History: A Captivating Guide to the History of Armenia and the Armenian Genocide
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AP European History Premium, Fourteenth Edition: Prep Book with 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review + Online Practice (2026)
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Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference
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Tulipomania: The Story of the World's Most Coveted Flower & the Extraordinary Passions It Aroused
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$19.00
The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age
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Celtic History and Mythology: An Enthralling Guide to the Celts and their Myths, Gods, and Goddesses
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From Dawn to Decadence: 1500 to the Present: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life
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