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Bible StudiesGeneral Christianity
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Publisher: Independently Published
Pages: 132
Weight: 0.53
Height: 0.28 Width: 7.00 Depth: 10.00
Language: Portuguese
Por que devemos estudar a Bíblia em sua totalidade? Existem erros e acréscimos que precisamos entender e aprender a esclarecer e discernir. Vejamos um exemplo:
Interpretar ou ler a Bíblia sem considerá-la como a verdadeira escritura, o que o escritor (Deus, o autor) realmente pretendia transmitir, leva a inúmeros erros doutrinários. Há algum tempo, foi noticiado que um pastor cristão no Kentucky, EUA, morreu após ser mordido por uma cobra venenosa e recusar medicação. Essa pessoa era um dos chamados manipuladores de cobras, um pequeno grupo de evangélicos americanos que, em seus cultos religiosos, manuseiam os répteis perigosos com as mãos nuas, tentando demonstrar sua genuína crença em Jesus e sua ausência de medo de mordidas de cobra. Assim, como relatou a CNN em Espanhol, o fervoroso crente pentecostal disse acreditar que uma passagem da Bíblia sugeria que mordidas de cobras venenosas não prejudicariam os crentes, desde que fossem ungidos por Deus. A passagem que ele citou foi Marcos 16:17-18, que na versão Reina-Valera de 1960 diz:
Estes sinais acompanharão os que crerem: em meu nome expulsarão demônios; falarão novas línguas; pegarão em serpentes; e, se beberem algum veneno mortal, não lhes fará mal nenhum; imporão as mãos sobre os enfermos, e estes ficarão curados.
Um dos problemas que surge neste caso específico, além da imprudência do homem (para dizer o mínimo), não é que a passagem deva ser lida metaforicamente ou simbolicamente em vez de literalmente - que foi o comentário inicial de algumas pessoas sobre o incidente - mas sim que já se sabe há muito tempo que essa passagem não estava no Evangelho de Marcos original. Esse Evangelho termina em Marcos 16:8: E elas, saindo, fugiram do túmulo, porque estavam apavoradas e com muito medo; e nada disseram a ninguém, porque estavam com medo. Aqui termina o Evangelho de Marcos; o restante é um acréscimo muito posterior.
Sabemos disso porque os versículos de Marcos 16:9-20 (Versão do Rei Jaime e outras) não aparecem nos manuscritos mais antigos e confiáveis que possuímos, e porque esse texto permaneceu desconhecido até uma data relativamente tardia, possivelmente nos séculos VI ou VII, visto que manuscritos anteriores ao século IV, como o Codex Vaticanus e o Codex Sinaiticus (ambos do século IV e altamente confiáveis), omitem esses doze versículos. Mas podemos acrescentar ainda mais informações: Marcos 16:9-20 é apenas um dos vários finais em Marcos que aparecem em manuscritos antigos, e que provavelmente foram adicionados porque parecia estranho que o texto terminasse no versículo 8, por exemplo, Por que as mulheres não contaram a ninguém?. A escrita nos primeiros séculos era complexa, e muitos manuscritos terminavam abruptamente, como neste caso.
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