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La Regolamentazione delle Armi Autonome e il Contributo della Santa Sede: IHL, Machine Learning e Limiti Etici
Paperback
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Jul 5 2026
Pages: 236
Weight: 0.92
Height: 0.50 Width: 7.00 Depth: 10.00
Language: Italian
Il presente libro in versione italiana (originalmente scritto in Portoghese) e con prefazione del Professore di Diritto Internazionale Vincenzo Buonomo (Pontificia Università Lateranense), corrisponde alla tesi di dottorato di Padre Antonio Augusto da Silva Bezerra, intitolata La regolamentazione delle armi autonome e il contributo della Santa Sede: Diritto Internazionale Umanitario, machine learning e limiti etici. L'opera analizza le sfide etico-giuridiche emergenti derivanti dallo sviluppo e dall'impiego militare dei Sistemi d'Arma Autonomi Letali (LAWS), con particolare attenzione ai progressi dell'intelligenza artificiale (IA) e del machine learning. La ricerca evidenzia come l'autonomia di tali sistemi sollevi rilevanti questioni in materia di responsabilità umana e metta in luce l'assenza di precedenti normativi nel Diritto Internazionale idonei a disciplinare queste tecnologie dirompenti.
Lo studio è articolato in quattro capitoli principali. Il primo ricostruisce l'evoluzione della militarizzazione dell'intelligenza artificiale e analizza i limiti tecnici, etici e terminologici dei LAWS. Il secondo esamina le implicazioni giuridiche nel quadro del Diritto Internazionale, con particolare riguardo alla responsabilità degli Stati e ai principi del Diritto Internazionale Umanitario. Il terzo affronta il dibattito internazionale sulla regolamentazione delle armi autonome, evidenziando convergenze e divergenze tra gli Stati e il ruolo degli stakeholder della società civile. Il quarto, infine, analizza l'azione della Santa Sede in tale dibattito, mettendone in risalto il contributo normativo e diplomatico alla ricerca di un nuovo quadro regolatorio globale.
La Santa Sede emerge come un attore di rilievo nel panorama internazionale, sostenendo un approccio olistico e interdisciplinare che integra dimensioni antropologiche, morali, giuridiche e tecniche. La sua attività diplomatica nell'ambito della Convenzione su alcune Armi Convenzionali (CCW) riflette un costante impegno a favore della dignità umana, dello sviluppo umano integrale e della stabilità internazionale, promuovendo la necessità di una rigorosa regolamentazione dei LAWS. La tesi sottolinea che, pur rappresentando il divieto totale di tali sistemi la soluzione ideale, un consenso realistico e pragmatico potrebbe concretizzarsi nell'adozione di uno strumento giuridico vincolante fondato su un duplice livello di tutela: da un lato, il divieto delle tipologie ritenute inammissibili; dall'altro, la disciplina degli impieghi consentiti purché sottoposti a un significativo controllo umano.
La ricerca pone inoltre in evidenza l'innovativa proposta della Santa Sede volta alla creazione di un'Organizzazione Internazionale per l'Intelligenza Artificiale, destinata ad ampliare il dibattito sull'impiego pacifico, responsabile e controllato dell'IA, promuovendo lo sviluppo umano integrale. La tesi si conclude sottolineando l'urgenza di adottare strumenti giuridici efficaci per colmare le attuali lacune normative, garantire la tutela dei diritti umani e assicurare la responsabilità degli Stati di fronte ai rischi derivanti dalla militarizzazione dell'intelligenza artificiale.
Questo contributo accademico si distingue per il suo carattere pionieristico nell'analizzare l'intersezione tra il Diritto Canonico, il Diritto Internazionale e la diplomazia della Santa Sede nel contesto della regolamentazione delle tecnologie emergenti con applicazioni militari, offrendo nuove prospettive per l'evoluzione del diritto internazionale e per il dibattito etico sull'automazione letale nello scenario globale.
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Da Silva Bezerra, Augusto
A Regulamentação das Armas Autônomas e a Contribuição da Santa Sé: IHL, Machine Learning e Limites Éticos
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