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The Hidden Nations Book II: Cahokia the Mound Builder Myth Chaco Canyon Ancestral Puebloan Memory Great Zimbabwe Colonial Archaeology Forgotten Engine
Paperback
Series: The Hidden Nations
ExplorationGeneral World History
Please select the version of book you would like to purchase.
ISBN13: 9798175931021
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Sep 20 2026
Pages: 718
Weight: 2.08
Height: 1.44 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: English
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Sep 20 2026
Pages: 718
Weight: 2.08
Height: 1.44 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: English
Cahokia, the Mound Builder Myth, Chaco Canyon, Ancestral Puebloan Memory, Great Zimbabwe, Colonial Archaeology, Forgotten Engineers-and the Repeated Human Habit of Inventing Another Race When the Real Builders Have Been Forgotten
There is a particular kind of mystery that begins only after the builders leave.
There is a particular kind of mystery that begins only after the builders leave.
A city stands empty.
Grass covers the plaza.
Trees grow across roads.
Roofs collapse.
Names disappear.
A thousand years later another person walks into the ruins.
They see walls too large for a village.
Mounds too enormous to seem accidental.
Roads leading toward places whose purposes are forgotten.
Stone buildings containing hundreds of rooms.
And inevitably they ask:
WHO BUILT THIS?
That question can lead toward archaeology.
It can also lead toward mythology.
Giants.
Gods.
A vanished white race.
Phoenicians.
Israelites.
Atlanteans.
An unknown civilization.
People from the stars.
Sometimes the explanation becomes more famous than the builders themselves.
And sometimes something more troubling happens.
The builders were never truly unknown.
Their descendants were still there.
But outsiders refused to believe them.
That is where Book II begins.
Because sometimes the Hidden Nation is not a civilization concealed beneath the earth.
Sometimes it is a civilization concealed beneath somebody else's interpretation. THE MOUNDS
When Europeans and later Euro-Americans moved through eastern North America, they encountered extraordinary earthworks.
Conical burial mounds.
Platform mounds.
Geometric earthworks.
Animal-shaped effigy mounds.
Enclosures.
Ceremonial landscapes.
Some were enormous.
Some occurred in groups.
Some were connected with extensive settlements and trade networks.
At places such as Pharr in Mississippi, Indigenous people constructed eight major mounds across roughly ninety acres nearly two thousand years ago. Objects recovered from Middle Woodland contexts demonstrate trade networks extending over enormous portions of eastern North America.
At Emerald Mound, later Mississippian builders created a platform roughly 770 by 435 feet at its base, covering about eight acres.
And farther north, along the Upper Mississippi region, communities constructed earthworks shaped like:
birds,
bears,
deer,
bison,
turtles,
water spirits,
and other beings.
More than two hundred mounds remain protected within Effigy Mounds National Monument alone.
These were not random piles of soil.
They were engineered cultural landscapes. BUT WHO BUILT THEM?
For many nineteenth-century Americans, the answer seemed impossible.
They encountered living Native peoples.
Then they encountered monumental earthworks.
And instead of asking how Indigenous societies had created them, many observers concluded:
SOMEBODY ELSE MUST HAVE BUILT THEM.
Thus arose one of the most consequential invented Hidden Nations in American history:
THE MOUND BUILDERS.
Not mound builders as a descriptive term for Indigenous peoples who constructed mounds.
The Mound Builders as an imagined vanished race. THE LOST RACE APPEARS
Different writers proposed different identities.
Perhaps the builders were:
Phoenicians.
Egyptians.
Welsh explorers.
Vikings.
Toltecs.
Hindus.
Israelites.
The Lost Tribes.
A vanished white civilization.
An advanced people exterminated by later Native Americans.
Sometimes giants entered the story.
The proposed identities changed constantly.
The underlying assumption did not.
The ancestors of contemporary Indigenous peoples could not have done this.
That assumption was not produced by archaeology.
It was imposed upon archaeology.
Grass covers the plaza.
Trees grow across roads.
Roofs collapse.
Names disappear.
A thousand years later another person walks into the ruins.
They see walls too large for a village.
Mounds too enormous to seem accidental.
Roads leading toward places whose purposes are forgotten.
Stone buildings containing hundreds of rooms.
And inevitably they ask:
WHO BUILT THIS?
That question can lead toward archaeology.
It can also lead toward mythology.
Giants.
Gods.
A vanished white race.
Phoenicians.
Israelites.
Atlanteans.
An unknown civilization.
People from the stars.
Sometimes the explanation becomes more famous than the builders themselves.
And sometimes something more troubling happens.
The builders were never truly unknown.
Their descendants were still there.
But outsiders refused to believe them.
That is where Book II begins.
Because sometimes the Hidden Nation is not a civilization concealed beneath the earth.
Sometimes it is a civilization concealed beneath somebody else's interpretation. THE MOUNDS
When Europeans and later Euro-Americans moved through eastern North America, they encountered extraordinary earthworks.
Conical burial mounds.
Platform mounds.
Geometric earthworks.
Animal-shaped effigy mounds.
Enclosures.
Ceremonial landscapes.
Some were enormous.
Some occurred in groups.
Some were connected with extensive settlements and trade networks.
At places such as Pharr in Mississippi, Indigenous people constructed eight major mounds across roughly ninety acres nearly two thousand years ago. Objects recovered from Middle Woodland contexts demonstrate trade networks extending over enormous portions of eastern North America.
At Emerald Mound, later Mississippian builders created a platform roughly 770 by 435 feet at its base, covering about eight acres.
And farther north, along the Upper Mississippi region, communities constructed earthworks shaped like:
birds,
bears,
deer,
bison,
turtles,
water spirits,
and other beings.
More than two hundred mounds remain protected within Effigy Mounds National Monument alone.
These were not random piles of soil.
They were engineered cultural landscapes. BUT WHO BUILT THEM?
For many nineteenth-century Americans, the answer seemed impossible.
They encountered living Native peoples.
Then they encountered monumental earthworks.
And instead of asking how Indigenous societies had created them, many observers concluded:
SOMEBODY ELSE MUST HAVE BUILT THEM.
Thus arose one of the most consequential invented Hidden Nations in American history:
THE MOUND BUILDERS.
Not mound builders as a descriptive term for Indigenous peoples who constructed mounds.
The Mound Builders as an imagined vanished race. THE LOST RACE APPEARS
Different writers proposed different identities.
Perhaps the builders were:
Phoenicians.
Egyptians.
Welsh explorers.
Vikings.
Toltecs.
Hindus.
Israelites.
The Lost Tribes.
A vanished white civilization.
An advanced people exterminated by later Native Americans.
Sometimes giants entered the story.
The proposed identities changed constantly.
The underlying assumption did not.
The ancestors of contemporary Indigenous peoples could not have done this.
That assumption was not produced by archaeology.
It was imposed upon archaeology.
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