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La fin des corporations
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ISBN10: 2213608296
ISBN13: 9782213608297
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Feb 21 2022
Pages: 754
Weight: 2.25
Height: 1.50 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782213608297
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Feb 21 2022
Pages: 754
Weight: 2.25
Height: 1.50 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
Les communautés d'arts et métiers sont une clef essentielle pour comprendre l'Ancien Régime, puisqu'elles réglementaient l'organisation du travail dans les villes et assignaient à chacun une place dans la hiérarchie de la société. Quels pouvoirs détenaient-elles ? Etaient-elles une barrière contre l'anarchie ou une entrave à la liberté des individus et du commerce ? Ces questions sont au coeur des débats sur la modernisation qui ont enflammé la France des Lumières. En 1776, Turgot, le ministre philosophe, tente de les abolir, mais le vaste mouvement de résistance qu'il soulève le contraint à reculer. Necker impose alors, avec plus ou moins de succès, un corporatisme d'Etat, à la fois plus souple et plus rationnel. Les nouvelles communautés qui se forment aux quatre coins du royaume ne sont abolies qu'en 1791, preuve qu'au début de la Révolution elles constituaient encore, malgré les critiques, l'un des piliers de l'ordre social et politique.
Dans ce récit de la lente agonie des corporations, Steven Kaplan fait revivre maître, apprentis et compagnons, montrant les conflits et les tensions qui agitaient souvent échoppes et ateliers derrière la fraternité affichée. Ce tableau coloré démystifie les visions caricaturales d'une institution dont l'histoire a longtemps été trop idéalisée avant de tomber dans l'oubli.
Steven L. Kaplan est professeur d'histoire européenne à Cornell University. Il a publié, entre autres, Les Ventres de Paris. Pouvoir et approvisionnement dans la France d'Ancien Régime(Fayard, 1988) et Le Meilleur Pain du monde. Les boulangers de Paris au XVIIIe Fayard, 1996).
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