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Carmen: Etude d'Une Categorie Sonore Romaine
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ISBN10: 2251328947
ISBN13: 9782251328942
Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
Published: Jun 13 2016
Pages: 342
Weight: 1.21
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782251328942
Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
Published: Jun 13 2016
Pages: 342
Weight: 1.21
Language: French
English summary: Latin literature has accustomed us to endow the word carmen with a noble meaning - that of a poetic song, or poetry, and it is this term that Lucretius, Virgil, Horace, and all the other great poets of ancient Rome used to designate their verses. However, this book strives to remind us that it is not that simple: the word could apply to songs not at all poetic, incantations spoken by magicians, or even to chants not uttered by human voices, since carmen was also used to refer to bird songs, or even to melodies produced by a trumpet.
French description: Comment le terme carmen a-t-il pu renvoyer a une categorie sonore et evoluer dans les langues romanes vers la notion de charme ? Comment expliquer qu'un terme voisin, cantus, soit a l'origine de la notion de chant ? Ou se situe la rupture entre deux mots pourtant issus d'un meme verbe: canere ? Notre etude, qui se veut globale, se propose d'analyser la dimension non seulement acoustique mais egalement pragmatique du terme carmen. Nous montrons qu'il ne s'agit pas seulement d'une categorie sonore: il renvoie a un acte porteur de contraintes.Notre premier chapitre aborde les emplois de carmen associe a trois types de sujets - oiseaux, instruments, cantores - et montre l'existence de deux poles: parallelement a l'emploi du terme, renvoyant a des chants ou a des musiques, sur le modele grec du melos, nous analysons un sens indigene qui renvoie a une semiologie contraignante, celle des signaux des trompes ou des auspices. Cette dimension pragmatique oriente la suite de notre analyse: dans les chapitres deux et trois qui traitent les emplois du terme dans le domaine du droit et de la religion, nous montrons que le mot carmen, designant d'abord des incantations, est reemploye de facon nouvelle au debut de l'Empire pour designer toutes sortes d'actes ou la parole, employee en formule autonome, suscite des effets contraignants: prieres, lois ou serments. Dans un quatrieme chapitre, nous analysons l'usage du mot carmen dans le domaine de la communication des dieux avec les hommes: le terme renvoie alors au contraintes irremediables du fatum. Les usages du mot, a rapprocher du nom de Carmenta, s'appliquent alors a tous types d'enonciations divinatoires comme les oracles ou les predictions. Enfin, dans les deux derniers chapitres, nous analysons l'introduction de carmen comme terme d'autoreference poetique: ce nouvel emploi, introduit par Catulle et Lucrece pour rendre compte sous forme de fictions textuelles du sens musical grec d'ode associe a des vers, va etre systematise sous l'Empire. Le terme permet alors de designer l'ensemble des genres poetiques tout en les investissant de sens pragmatiques indigenes: parole des poetes inspires (vates), il est alors associe a une force pragmatique mythifiee par les magiciens ou les prophetes, dont la Sibylle, transportee sur le mont Palatin, constitue le modele.
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