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Wortbildung ALS Wortabwandlung
Hardcover
Series: Linguistik - Impulse & Tendenzen, Book 116
ISBN13: 9783111027746
Publisher: de Gruyter
Published: Jun 13 2027
Pages: 300
Language: German
Gegenstand ist eine Theorie der Wortbildung im Rahmen der prozessualen Prototypentheorie und regelbasierten Konstruktionsgrammatik (Welke: De Gruyter 2019, Felfe, Höllein, Welke: De Gruyter 2024). Wortbildung wird als Wortabwandlung beschrieben, konstruktionsgrammatisch als Instantiierung spezifisch morphologischer Abwandlungsmuster. Es geht um eine prototypentheoretische Rekonstruktion der Herausbildung der Wortbildung aus der Syntax unter der Bedingung, dass die prototypentheoretische Rekonstruktion mit der Diachronie verträglich und durch diachrone Daten falsifizierbar ist.
Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Wortabwandlung ist Komposition die Abwandlung eines Wortes durch ein anderes Wort, d.h. die Abwandlung des Grundwortes durch das Bestimmungswort und in prototypischen Abwandlungen durch ein Quasiwort (Zusammenbildungen, Konfixkomposita, Phrasenkomposita). Derivation ist Wortabwandlung durch explizite Derivation (Suffigierung und Präfigierung) oder implizite Derivation.
Der starre, rein formale und ahistorische Kopf-Begriff der Generativen Grammatik wird aufgegeben. Im Bereich der Wortbildung ist der Kopf das Wort, das der Abwandlung zu Grunde liegt (die Basis der Abwandlung). Bei der Entstehung des Musters der Suffigierung aus dem Muster der Komposition kommt es zu einem Perspektivwechsel. Das Attribut und diesem entsprechend das Bestimmungswort des Kompositums wird zum Kopf der Suffigierung (zur Basis der Suffigierung, zum abzuwandelnden Wort). Der Kopf der syntaktischen Attribut-Konstruktion und das Grundwort des Kompositums wird zum Suffix. Das Suffix bewahrt mit der Festlegung der Wortart des gebildeten neuen Wortes grammatische Merkmale des ursprünglichen syntaktischen Kopfes. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der Begriff des Affixoids relevant.
Von ihren Ursprüngen aus ergibt sich eine Zweiteilung der Wortbildung in attributive und prädikative Wortbildung. Zur attributiven Wortbildung gehören Komposition und Suffigierung. Zur prädikativen Wortbildung gehört die Präfigierung (Bildung von Präfix- und Partikelverben).
An die Stelle einer synchronen Klassifikation nach invarianten Merkmalen tritt eine prototypentheoretische Klassifikation nach Ähnlichkeiten und Übergängen. Die Muster/Verfahren der Wortbildung, lassen sich auf diese Weise, begonnen bei ihrem Ursprung aus Syntax und Univerbierung, in eine plausible diachron interpretierbare Abfolge bringen.
An die Stelle einer denotativen (onomasiologischen) Auffassung von sprachlichen Inhalten (Bedeutungen von Komposita und Derivationen) tritt dem prototypentheoretischen und konstruktionsgrammatischen Ansatz entsprechend eine formbezogene signifikative (semasiologische) Auffassung der Semantik. Die Bedeutungen der neuen abgewandelten Wörter entstehen aus generellen und partikulären Implikaturen.
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