Western Schism: Avignon Papacy, Pope Urban VI, Council of Constance, Pope Martin V, Pope Gregory XII, Dietrich of Nieheim

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 40. Chapters: Avignon Papacy, Pope Urban VI, Council of Constance, Pope Martin V, Pope Gregory XII, Dietrich of Nieheim, Tomb of Antipope John XXIII, Papal mint, Petrine doctrine, Jean Gerson, Thomas de Rossy, Council of Pisa, Antipope Benedict XIII, Papal conclave, 1378, Pierre de Cros, Papal conclave, 1406, Antipope Alexander V, Papal conclave, 1404, Antipope Clement VII, Raimondo delle Vigne, Rinaldo Brancaccio, Telesphorus of Cosenza, Theodoric Vrie, Pseudocardinal. Excerpt: The Tomb of Antipope John XXIII is the marble and bronze tomb monument of Antipope John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa, c. 1360-1419), created by Donatello and Michelozzo for the Florence Baptistry adjacent to the Duomo. It was commissioned by the executors of Cossa's will after his death on December 22, 1419 and completed during the 1420s, establishing it as one of the early landmarks of Renaissance Florence. According to Ferdinand Gregorovius, the tomb is at once the sepulchre of the Great Schism in the church and the last Papal tomb which is outside Rome itself. Cossa had a long history of cooperation with Florence, which had viewed him as the legitimate pontiff for a time during the Western Schism. The tomb monument is often interpreted as an attempt to strengthen the legitimacy of Cossa's pontificate by linking him to the spiritually powerful site of the Baptistry. The evocation of papal symbolism on the tomb and the linkage between Cossa and Florence have been interpreted as a snub to Cossa's successor Pope Martin V or vicarious Medici self-promotion, as such a tomb would have been deemed unacceptable for a Florentine citizen. The tomb monument's design included figures of the three Virtues in niches, Cossa's family arms, a gilded bronze recumbent efficy laid out above an inscription-bearing sarcophagus supported on corbel brackets, and above it a Mado...