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Shylock Revu Et Corrige
Paperback
Series: Histoire, Book 45
Medieval & Renaissance HistoryJudaism
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ISBN10: 2251380450
ISBN13: 9782251380452
Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
Published: May 1 2000
Pages: 328
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782251380452
Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
Published: May 1 2000
Pages: 328
Language: French
Avec Le Marchand de Venise, en 1605, Shakespeare a grave pour des siecles, via son personnage de Shylock, l'image du preteur d'argent juif comme usurier detestable et cruel. Pourtant, a cote d'expressions de ressentiment et de frustration, des documents du Moyen Age central et tardif (XI-XVemes siecles) expriment aussi de la reconnaissance et de la gratitude envers un preteur juif genereux et bienveillant.
Ce retournement de l'image de Shylock apparait en detail dans les minutes du proces, tenu a Marseille en 1317, dans lequel le juif Bondavin, de Draguignan, eut a defendre sa reputation de preteur. Il fit comparaitre pour sa defense vingt-quatre temoins, tous Chretiens, qui confirmerent l'estime dont il jouissait. Ce proces, dans son deroulement, donne l'occasion d'entendre les opinions et les sentiments de personnes ordinaires (et non pas de theologiens ou de canonistes): marchands, hommes de lois, artisans?Le cas Bondavin, situe dans son contexte, compare a d'autres affaires similaires, permet ainsi a Shatzmiller d'etudier et d'analyser les attitudes dominantes en Europe medievale a l'egard du credit juif.Son travail permet d'abandonner l'idee d'un Moyen Age domine par une histoire ininterrompue de haines et de malentendus entre Juifs et Chretiens, pour reconnaitre, a l'inverse, des liens d'amities, de respect, de generosite et de reconnaissance mutuelle entre les deux communautes.Cet ouvrage ouvre egalement de nouvelles perspectives sur la situation du pret a interet dans l'Europe medievale et, par la, eclaire de lumieres inedites la pensee economique de l'Occident medieval.Joseph Shatzmiller, professeur d'histoire medievale a Duke University (Caroline du Nord), a publie de nombreux ouvrages concernant les communautes juives de Provence au Moyen Age, les medecins juifs et la societe medievale.
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