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Usurpación Constituyente (1999, 2017): La historia se repite: una vez como farsa y la otra como tragedia
Paperback
General LawGeneral Political Science
ISBN13: 9789803654139
Publisher: Fundacion Edit Juridica Venezo
Published: Feb 1 2018
Pages: 656
Weight: 2.09
Height: 1.45 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: Spanish
Esta obra, el profesor Allan R, Brewer-CarÃas es la crónica constitucional sobre la configuración y ejecutorias de las dos últimas Asambleas Constituyente que se han instalado en Venezuela en las dos últimas décadas, en 1999 y en 2017, en ambos casos en violación abierta de las Constituciones vigentes en el momento. AsÃ, en ambos casos, las Asambleas usurparon, al instalarse, el poder constituyente originario que solo el pueblo puede ejercerlo, y con ello pretendieron colocarse como órganos supraconstitucionales, sin lÃmites ni control.
Con estas dos Asambleas Constituyentes, puede decirse que la historia se ha repetido, pero no en el sentido indicado por Marx de que lo que primero fue una tragedia luego se repite como comedia, sino al revés, en el sentido de que lo que entonces fue una farsa ahora es tragedia dictatorial.
Las dos Asambleas Constituyentes, en efecto, intervinieron inconstitucionalmente los poderes constituidos, y además, usurparon algunas de sus funciones: la de 1999 particularmente usurpó las funciones de la administración de la Judicatura, destituyendo y nombrando jueces sin lÃmite; y la de 2017, en sus primeros meses de funcionamiento, en particular ha usurpado las funciones legislativas y de control de la Asamblea Nacional, emitiendo Decretos Constituyentes y leyes constitucionales en las materias reservadas al Legislador
Algo que si fue común en ambas Asambleas Constituyentes, es que dieron un golpe de Estado al haberse colocado formalmente a sà mismas por encima de la Constitución, y llegar a decretar que la Constitución vigente en el momento de su respectiva instalación, a partir de entonces, solo tendrÃa aplicación en aquello que no fuera derogado o modificado por la propia Asamblea Constituyente, a su exclusivo arbitrio. La Constitución, en ambos casos, fue virtualmente derogada y pasó a ser asà un papel maleable, perdiendo toda su supremacÃa.
La Asamblea Constituyente de 1999, sin embargo, solo tuvo una duración de 6 meses, al término de los cuales sancionó una nueva Constitución, que fue la de 1999. La Asamblea Constituyente de 2017, en cambio, se fijó a sà misma una duración de dos años (hasta agosto de 2019), imponiendo la sumisión formal de todos los poderes del Estado a sus designios (lo que no ocurrió con la de 1999); y por sus ejecutorias, al término de los primeros cinco meses de funcionamiento, no parece tener interés alguno en sancionar una nueva Constitución, sino solo en ser instrumento del gobierno absoluto.
El profesor Brewer-CarÃas fue miembro electo independiente de la Asamblea Constituyente de 1999, y por tanto, participó activamente en el debate constituyente de la época mediante escritos, propuestas, intervenciones y votos salvados. Su crónica constitucional de aquella Asamblea, por tanto, fue producto de su propia actuación en la misma, marcada por su oposición a la usurpación y al golpe de Estado dado por la misma. Esa experiencia, en todo caso, fue la que le permitió redactar la crónica constitucional referida a la instalación y ejecutorias iniciales de la Asamblea Constituyente de 2017, aun cuando, en este caso, como observador desde lejos, que sin embargo pudo registrar y comentar por escrito sobre todo el proceso constituyente. Esas crónicas son las que conforma este libro.
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