La expansión de los vikingos: la historia y el legado de las conquistas de los vikingos a través del comercio y las incursiones
Paperback
Medieval & Renaissance HistoryScandinavian History
Publisher: Independently Published
Published: Aug 30 2020
Pages: 136
Weight: 0.73
Height: 0.29 Width: 8.50 Depth: 11.00
Language: Spanish
Islandia fue colonizada por los nórdicos a finales del siglo IX, y comenzaron una cultura única y próspera en el límite del mundo conocido. Hasta que fue absorbida por el Reino de Noruega en 1262, no tenía gobierno central, que en cambio consistía en un mosaico de jefaturas grandes y pequeñas que mediaban disputas mediante una forma temprana de sistema parlamentario.
En esta tierra de extremos, surgió una pujante cultura literaria. Las sagas islándicas, cuentos de heroísmo, exploración y enemistades familiares, son algunos de los mejores ejemplos de literatura medieval que han sobrevivido, y relatan en emocionante prosa las grandes luchas, dificultades y aventuras que los islandeses tuvieron en su tierra y en alta mar. También hubo más trabajos académicos, como el importante Íslendingabók, el Libro de los islandeses, escrito entre 1122 y 1133 por el sacerdote Ari orgilsson, El Sabio. Es un trabajo corto (apenas veinte páginas escritas a mano), pero ofrece muchos detalles de la historia temprana de Islandia.
orgilsson, o Thorgilsson, recopiló su información de fuentes orales, pero a menudo nombra a las personas de las que obtuvo la información, algo raro en la literatura medieval. Tiene un estilo claro y sin barnices, y parece haber informado sobre eventos de manera precisa e imparcial. También está el más extenso Landnámabók, el Libro de los asentamientos, que habla sobre el descubrimiento y colonización en cierta medida. Enumera por nombre a 435 hombres como parte de la ola de colonización, la mayoría de los cuales terminaron estableciendo granjas en las áreas del norte y el suroeste de Islandia. Prosigue detallando a sus descendientes y colonos posteriores, nombrando en total a más de 3.000 individuos y 1.400 granjas y otros asentamientos, con un nivel de detalle rivalizado en ese entonces por pocas fuentes, más que el Domesday Book inglés. Esta obra sobrevive en cinco versiones ligeramente diferentes, que van desde 100 a 200 páginas. El más antiguo de ellos data del siglo XIII y es una copia de un manuscrito anterior.
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