Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean: L Ihi Seamount, Davidson Seamount, Bowie Seamount, Cross Seamount, Nintoku Seamount

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 48. Chapters: 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption, Abbott Seamount, Adams Seamount, Bollons Seamount, Bowie Seamount, Carondelet Reef, Chelan Seamount, Christmas Island Seamount Province, Cobb-Eickelberg Seamount chain, Colahan Seamount, Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Cortes Bank, Cross Seamount, Daikakuji Guyot, Davidson Seamount, Dellwood Seamounts, Denson Seamount, Detroit Seamount, Eastern Gemini Seamount, Explorer Seamount, Ferrel Seamount, Filippo Reef, Foundation Seamounts, Graham Seamount, Graveyard Seamounts, Green Seamount, Guide Seamount, Gumdrop Seamount, Hancock Seamount, Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, Heck Seamount, Hodgkins Seamount, Jasper Seamount, Jingu Seamount, Kammu Seamount, Kavachi, Kimmei Seamount, Kodiak Seamount, Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain, Koko Guyot, Lord Howe seamount chain, Louisville seamount chain, L ihi Seamount, Marisla Seamount, Meiji Seamount, Moai (seamount), Monowai Seamount, My jin-sh, Nintoku Seamount, Ojin Seamount, Osbourn Seamount, Oshawa Seamount, Pactolus Bank, Panov Seamount, Pasco banks, Peirce Seamount, Pioneer Seamount, President Jackson Seamounts, Pukao (seamount), Rivadeneyra Shoal, Rodriguez Seamount, Rosa Seamount, Schmieder Bank, Seminole Seamount, Shatsky Rise, Siletz River Volcanics, South Chamorro Seamount, Stirni Seamount, Suiko Seamount, Suiyo Seamount, Supply Reef, Taney Seamounts, Tasmanian Seamounts, Teahitia, Three Wise Men (volcanoes), Tucker Seamount, Tuzo Wilson Seamounts, Union Seamount, Vailulu'u, Vance Seamounts, Winslow Reef, Phoenix Islands, Yomei Seamount, Yuryaku Seamount. Excerpt: L ihi Seamount is an active submarine volcano located around 35 km (22 mi) off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii about 975 m (3,000 ft) below sea level. This seamount lies on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on Earth. L ihi meaning long in Hawaiian, is the newest volcano in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, a string of volcanoes that stretches over 5,800 km (3,600 mi) northwest of L ihi and the island of Hawaii. Unlike most active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean that make up the active plate margins on the Pacific Ring of Fire, L ihi and the other volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain are hotspot volcanoes and formed well away from the nearest plate boundary. Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands arise from the Hawaii hotspot, and as the youngest volcano in the chain, L ihi is the only Hawaiian volcano in the deep submarine preshield stage of development. L ihi began forming around 400,000 years ago and is expected to begin emerging above sea level about 10,000-100,000 years from now. At its summit, L ihi Seamount stands more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) above the seafloor, making it taller than Mount St. Helens was before its catastrophic 1980 eruption. The summit is currently 975 m (3,000 ft) below sea level. A diverse microbial community resides around L ihi's many hydrothermal vents. In the summer of 1996, a swarm of 4,070 earthquakes was recorded at L ihi. This series included more earthquakes than any other swarm in Hawaiian recorded history. The swarm altered 10 to 13 square kilometres (4 to 5 sq mi) of the seamount's summit; one section, Pele's Vents, collapsed entirely upon itself and formed the renamed Pele's Pit. The volcano has remained relatively active since the 1996 swarm and is monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Hawaii Undersea Geological Observatory (HUGO) provided real-time data on L ihi between 1997 and 2002. L ihi last erupt