Polifileticheskie Gruppy: Drozhzhi, Solnechniki, Gasteromitsety, Slizen , Kril , Lastonogie, Ornitoptery, Navoznikovye, Lisitsa, Antilopa

Istochnik: Wikipedia. Stranitsy: 30. Glavy: Drozhzhi, Solnechniki, Gasteromitsety, Slizen, Kril, Lastonogie, Ornitoptery, Navoznikovye, Lisitsa, Antilopa, Azaliya, Trutoviki, Paltus, Ueta, Kruglorotye, Nasekomoyadnye, Khromisty, Arkhiannelidy, Gimenomitsety, Lozhnyi ope nok, Burnetiamorfy, Chlenistye, Yezhovik, Pervichnopolostnye chervi, Slizeviki, Shelkopryady. Vyderzhka: Drozhzhi - vnetaksonomicheskaya gruppa odnokletochnykh gribov, utrativshikh mitselial noe stroenie v svyazi s perekhodom k obitaniyu v zhidkikh i poluzhidkikh, bogatykh organicheskimi veshchestvami substratakh. Ob edinyaet okolo 1500 vidov, otnosyashchikhsya k askomitsetam i bazidiomitsetam. Granitsy gruppy ochercheny neche tko: mnogie griby, sposobnye vegetativno razmnozhat sya v odnokletochnoi forme i identifitsiruemye poetomu kak drozhzhi, na drugikh stadiyakh zhiznennogo tsikla obrazuyut razvityi mitselii, a v ryade sluchaev i makroskopicheskie plodovye tela. Do poyavleniya metodov molekulyarnogo analiza takie griby vydelyali v osobuyu gruppu drozhzhepodobnykh, no syei chas ikh vse obychno rassmatrivayut vmeste s drozhzhami. Issledovaniya 18S rRNK pokazali blizkoe rodstvo s tipichnymi drozhzhami vidov, sposobnykh k rostu tol ko v vide mitseliya . Razmery drozhzhevykh kletok obychno sostavlyayut 3-7 mkm v diametre. Yest dannye, chto nekotorye vidy sposobny vyrastat do 40 mkm. Drozhzhi imyeyut bol shoe prakticheskoe znachenie, osobenno pekarskie ili pivnye drozhzhi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Nekotorye vidy yavlyayut.sya fakul tativnymi i uslovnymi patogenami. K nastoyashchemu vremeni polnost yu rasshifrovan genom drozhzhyei Saccharomyces cerevisiae (oni stali pervymi eukariotami, chyei genom byl polnost yu sekvenirovan) i Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Russkoe slovo -drozhzhi- voskhodit k praslavyanskomu *dro d i, proizvodnomu ot zvukopodrazhatel nogo glagola *drozgati -davit, mesit -. Anglii skoe slovo -yeast- (drozhzhi) proiskhodit ot staroanglii skogo -gist-, -gyst-, chto oznachae...