Medical State Board Questions and Answers

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1908 edition. Excerpt: ... BACTERIOLOGY Define bacteria; state (a) methods for recognition and cultivation; (b) the conditions most favorable for growth and the different ways of entering the body to produce disease. (a) Bacteria are unicellular organisms of vegetable nature, devoid of chlorophyl, and multiplying by fission. They are recognized by their shape, size, motility, grouping, growth, behavior in different culturemedia, and staining reactions. The chief culture-media are: milk, bloodserum, bouillon, gelatin, agar, potato. (b) The conditions favorable for their growth are moisture, temperature between 10 and 4o C, nutritive material in the shape of decomposable organic matter, a medium of neutral or faintly alkaline reaction, and rest. Bacteria enter the body through the abraded skin or mucous membrane, or through the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Give the classification of bacteria and name an example of each division. Cocci: Streptococcus pyogenes aureus. Bacilli: Bacillus anthracis. Spirilla: Spirillum rubrum. Mycobacteria: Actinomyces. What are the three basic forms of bacteria? Describe each by drawing or otherwise. Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla. Bacilli: rod-shaped bacteria--Bacillus tuberculosis. Micrococci: perfectly spherical bacteria--Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. Spirilla: spiral, cork-screw forms--Spirochete Obermeieri or spirillum of relapsing fever. Define the following terms: (a) Coccus, (b) bacillus, (c) spirillum, (d) an obligative anaerobe, (e) facultative anaerobe. (f) Name one anaerobic organism. (a) A spherical bacterium, (b) A rod-shaped bacterium, (c) A spiral or cork-screw-shaped bacterium, (d) A bacterium that grows only in the absence of oxygen. (e) One that grows best without oxygen, but will grow in the presence of oxygen....