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Kappa Distributions: From Observational Evidences Via Controversial Predictions to a Consistent Theory of Nonequilibrium Plasmas

Kappa Distributions: From Observational Evidences Via Controversial Predictions to a Consistent Theory of Nonequilibrium Plasmas

Paperback

Series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Book 464

Astronomy & SpacePhysics

ISBN10: 3030826252
ISBN13: 9783030826253
Publisher: Springer
Published: Dec 4 2022
Pages: 330
Weight: 1.05
Height: 0.71 Width: 6.14 Depth: 9.21
Language: English

This book presents recent results on the modelling of space plasmas with Kappa distributions and their interpretation. Hot and dilute space plasmas most often do not reach thermal equilibrium, their dynamics being essentially conditioned by the kinetic effects of plasma particles, i.e., electrons, protons, and heavier ions. Deviations from thermal equilibrium shown by these plasma particles are often described by Kappa distributions. Although well-known, these distributions are still controversial in achieving a statistical characterization and a physical interpretation of non-equilibrium plasmas.

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