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The Handbook to English Heraldry
Paperback
Medieval & Renaissance HistoryGenealogy & Heraldry
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Publisher: Danyel
Pages: 104
Weight: 0.33
Height: 0.22 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: English
SUPPORTERS
S
tanding by the Shield In silence. -IDYLLS OF THE KING.
A SUPPORTER is a figure, sometimes of an angel, frequently of a human
being, but more generally of some animal, bird, or imaginary creature, so
placed in connection with a Shield of Arms as to appear to be protecting and
supporting it. In English Heraldry a single Supporter is of comparatively
rare occurrence, but a number of examples are to be found in the Heraldry of
Scotland. In early examples, when two Supporters appear, they are in most
cases alike: but, more recently (except in the Heraldry of France), the two
figures are generally quite distinct the one from the other, the earlier usage of
having the two Supporters alike being less frequent. The modern prevailing
practice in England is happily exemplified in the well-known instance of the
present Royal Supporters, the Lion and the Unicorn.
Supporters are considered to have been introduced into theHeraldry of Eng-
land during the reign of EDWARD III.; but they may with greater accuracy
be assigned to the middle of the fifteenth century, than to the second half
of the fourteenth. As armorial insignia of a very high rank, Supporters are
3 CHARLES BOUTELL
granted in England only by the express command of the Sovereign, except to
Peers and Knights Grand Cross and Knights Grand Commanders. In Scot-
land, where they occur more frequently than in the Heraldry of the South
of the Tweed, the Lord Lyon has power to grant Supporters. Originally
by the Scottish Heralds these accessories of Shields were entitled Bearers.
Supporters are now granted, on payment of fees, to all Peers of the Realm to
descend to the holders of a specified Peerage, and to Knights of the Garter,
Thistle, and St. Patrick, and to Knights Grand Cross and Knights Grand
Commanders of all other orders of knighthood to be borne for life. Most
Nova Scotia Baronets and Chiefs of Scottish Clans have supporters regis-
tered with their arms.
Supporters probably owe their origin rather to several concurrent circum-
stances, than to any one particular circumstance. The mere fact of a Knight
carrying his own armorial Shield, or his Esquire bearing it beside him, might
suggest the general idea of some supporting figure in connection with a rep-
resentation of that Shield. The act of carrying a Banner of Arms, in like man-
ner, might suggest a representation of a Supporter for a Shield of Arms.
To early Seals, however, Heraldry is in an especial degree indebted for the
development of the idea of Supporters, and for bringing it into a definite
form. Again, the prevalent use of Badges in the fourteenth century, and
in the fifteenth also, would necessarily exercise a powerful influence in the
same direction; and would lead Heralds to associate with Shields of Arms
certain other figures which, while in themselves distinct and independent,
were closely allied with certain Shields of Arms. The prototypes of true Sup-
porters, indeed, as they appear on Seals, are Badges. In fact, it is often diffi-
cult to determine whether specified figures on the Seals of a certain period
are heraldic supporters or merely representations of Badges.
An Effigy represented upon a Seal, as in No. 405, the Seal of DEVORGUILLA
CRAWFORD, about A.D. 1290, from LAING'S Volume: or in Nos. 316,
317, would be even more than a suggestion of a Supporter. The same may
be said, when some figure, almost certainly a Badge, was
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