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Le rideau de silicium: La guerre technologique entre les États-Unis et la Chine et la fracture du pouvoir mondial
Paperback
Series: Les Cahiers de la Méditerranée
General Political ScienceInternational Relations
Publisher: Global East-West Ltd
Published: May 27 2025
Pages: 214
Weight: 0.64
Height: 0.49 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
L'affrontement géopolitique le plus important du XXIe siècle se déroule entre les États-Unis et la Chine, deux superpuissances engagées dans une rivalité aux enjeux considérables qui touche au commerce, à la technologie et à l'influence mondiale. Autrefois partenaires économiques, leurs relations se sont transformées en une compétition acharnée marquée par des droits de douane, des contrôles à l'exportation et une rivalité pour la domination des technologies essentielles.
Ce livre dissèque les racines de cette rivalité en retraçant son évolution depuis l'essor économique de la Chine sous Deng Xiaoping jusqu'aux guerres commerciales de l'ère Trump et au découplage stratégique de Joe Biden. Il examine comment les politiques industrielles de Pékin, pilotées par l'État, telles que l'initiative Made in China 2025, entrent en conflit avec la volonté des États-Unis de renforcer la résilience de la chaîne d'approvisionnement par le biais d'initiatives telles que le CHIPS Act. Ce livre met ainsi en lumière un clivage idéologique fondamental: d'un côté, le capitalisme d'État, de l'autre, l'innovation du marché libre. Au coeur du conflit se trouve la bataille pour la suprématie technologique. Qu'il s'agisse de l'expansion de la 5G de Huawei, des controverses entourant les données de TikTok, de l'interdiction des semi-conducteurs ou du développement de l'intelligence artificielle, les États-Unis et la Chine utilisent l'innovation comme arme pour asseoir leur domination économique et militaire.
L'ouvrage explore les répercussions de cette guerre froide technologique sur les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales, les alliances internationales et les nations, comme l'UE et l'Asie du Sud-Est, contraintes de naviguer en territoire neutre. Il aborde également des fronts secondaires tels que les menaces en matière de cybersécurité, les allégations d'espionnage et les positions militaires en mer de Chine méridionale, illustrant la manière dont la concurrence s'étend au-delà de l'économie dans des domaines stratégiques plus vastes. Pourtant, l'interdépendance reste inéluctable. Malgré les tarifs douaniers et les sanctions, le commerce bilatéral a atteint le chiffre record de 690 milliards de dollars en 2022, soulignant un paradoxe: les deux nations cherchent à réduire leur dépendance l'une envers l'autre tout en restant profondément imbriquées l'une dans l'autre. L'ouvrage analyse les risques de cette dualité, des pressions inflationnistes à la déstabilisation d'institutions mondiales telles que l'OMC. Il conclut en évaluant les futurs possibles, de la concurrence gérée à la confrontation pure et simple, et affirme que la stabilité du monde dépend de la capacité de ces géants à coexister sans déclencher une nouvelle guerre froide.
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