Retour de l'état de guerre
Paperback
ISBN13: 9782200263386
Publisher: Armand Colin
Published: Jan 5 2006
Pages: 300
Weight: 0.92
Height: 0.63 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
Le 18 mars 2003, les États-Unis de George Bush fils attaquent l'Irak de Saddam Hussein au cours de l'opération Liberté en Irak . Rappelant à priori l'offensive menée en 1991 par George Bush père, l'intervention de 2003 est en fait radicalement différente. Parce qu'elle est entreprise au nom de l'autorité souverain des États-Unis à utiliser la force pour assurer leur propre sécurité nationale, en dehors de toute autorisation de l'ONU et à l'encontre de la volonté de plusieurs alliés, elle réhabilite l'idée de la guerre comme simple continuation de la politique extérieure. Ce faisant, les États-Unis entrouvrent la porte au retour de l'état de guerre.
Dario Battistella s'efforce, dans un essai neuf et stimulant, de comprendre les raisons de l'opération Liberté en Irak , sa portée et sa signification pour l'ordre international au XXIe siècle.
En s'appuyant sur la théorie et l'histoire des relations internationales, il démontre qu'au fil du temps une société internationale a vu le jour et un ordre pacifié plus ou moins stable dont les États-Unis ont d'ailleurs été le principal promoteur. Or, l'opération Liberté en Irak rompt brusquement avec cette évolution, en réintroduisant des pratiques caractéristiques du droit du plus fort. Pourquoi ce retournement ? Le nouveau comportement américain renvoie-t-il à de simples causes conjoncturelles d'ordre intérieur ou à des explications liées à l'évolution du système international ? Peut-on en évaluer la signification ? Quelles suites éventuelles sont à craindre en ce début du XXIe siècle ?
Dario Battistella est Professeur de Science politique à l'Institut d'Études Politiques de Bordeaux. Il a notamment publié un manuel de Théories des relations internationales (Presses de Sciences Po, 2003) et, en coédition avec Marie-Claude Smouts et Pascal Vennesson, un Dictionnaire des relations internationales (Dalloz, 2e éd., 2006).
Vers la société internationale. L'équilibre westphalien. Le concert britannique. L'ordre américain. De l'anarchie lockienne à l'anarchie hobbienne. Du rival à l'ennemi. De la guerre juste à la guerre préventive. Du multilatéralisme à l'unilatéralisme. Une guerre protosystémique. Dilemme de la sécurité et expansionnisme opportuniste. Politique interne et impérialisme mesquin. Cycles des puissances et déclin de l'hégémonie. Conclusion - L'anarchie ouverte.
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