Pourquoi 78 % des condamnées pour non-représentation d'enfant sont des femmes ?
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Publisher: Independently Published
Pages: 284
Weight: 0.84
Height: 0.60 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
78 % des personnes condamnées pour non-représentation d'enfant sont des femmes. Ce chiffre est exact. Il est publié par le ministère de la Justice, il est stable depuis 1996, et presque tout ce qu'on en dit est faux.
L'explication officielle est connue: si les mères sont plus souvent condamnées, c'est parce que la garde des enfants leur est majoritairement confiée. L'argument paraît évident. Il ne résiste pas à trois minutes d'arithmétique.
Car un délit ne se compte pas en temps de garde. La non-représentation d'enfant se commet lors d'une remise, à un moment précis, quand un parent doit présenter l'enfant à l'autre en vertu d'une décision de justice. Or ces remises sont appariées: toute période attribuée à un parent produit un aller et un retour. Le père qui reçoit l'enfant un week-end sur deux doit le rendre autant de fois que la mère doit le présenter. À occasions égales, l'écart réel est de trois et demi contre un.
Ce livre reprend l'ensemble du dossier. Il expose ce que dit exactement l'article 227-5 du code pénal, retrace trente ans de statistiques, décrit la chaîne de filtrage qui va des vingt mille procédures annuelles aux mille condamnations prononcées, et examine méthodiquement les cinq mécanismes susceptibles d'expliquer la surreprésentation observée: taux de plainte différentiel, nature des refus opposés, filtrage institutionnel, asymétrie de l'incrimination, asymétrie probatoire.
Il établit un fait que personne n'avait relevé le droit de visite et d'hébergement n'est protégé que dans un sens. Le parent qui refuse de présenter l'enfant commet un délit. Le parent qui ne vient pas le chercher ne commet rien. L'enfant, lui, subit les deux défaillances de la même manière, et une seule est comptée.
La seconde partie quitte les mathématiques pour la sociologie. Pourquoi la charge parentale est-elle assignée différemment selon le sexe ? Pourquoi la langue française dispose-t-elle du verbe materner sans équivalent paternel ? Pourquoi la norme sociale contredit-elle la loi sur ce point précis, au point qu'une transgression pénale y soit largement excusée ? Ces hypothèses sont présentées comme telles, jamais comme des démonstrations.
L'ouvrage n'accuse personne et ne prend parti dans aucun débat. Il ne soutient ni que les mères manquent davantage à leurs obligations, ni que la justice traite les femmes défavorablement. Il démontre que les données publiques disponibles ne permettent d'établir ni l'une ni l'autre de ces propositions, et il identifie précisément les trois statistiques qui trancheraient la question si quelqu'un décidait de les produire.
Un livre pour qui veut comprendre comment un chiffre exact peut alimenter trente ans de malentendu. Pour les parents séparés confrontés à une procédure, pour les professionnels du droit de la famille, pour les journalistes et les responsables politiques qui citent ce chiffre, et pour tout lecteur qui souhaite apprendre à poser aux statistiques la seule question qui compte: rapporté à quoi ?
Aucune connaissance mathématique n'est nécessaire. Tous les calculs sont expliqués et vérifiables par le lecteur.
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