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La Politique de la France À l'Égard de l'Espagne de 1945 À 1955: Entre Idéologie Et Réalisme
Paperback
Series: Diplomatie Et Histoire, Book 7
EconomicsFrench HistoryInternational Relations
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ISBN10: 211089153X
ISBN13: 9782110891532
Publisher: Peter Lang
Published: Nov 27 2002
Pages: 829
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782110891532
Publisher: Peter Lang
Published: Nov 27 2002
Pages: 829
Language: French
La situation inusitée de fermeture de la frontière pyrénéenne, de mars 1946 à février 1948, n'a pas marqué les esprits; cette amnésie partielle, liée à la durable marginalisation de l'Espagne, est confortée par le silence des écrits généraux de politique étrangère et par le caractère lacunaire de la production historiographique.
Grâce à la variété de son corpus archivistique, cet ouvrage embrasse toutes les facettes de l'attitude de la France à l'égard de l'Espagne, tant franquiste que républicaine, pendant la décennie d'après guerre. Inaugurées par la quarantaine destinée à évincer le Caudillo, les relations officielles demeurent marquées par une ambiance bilatérale électrique. La longueur de la séquence étudiée exige toutefois une approche chronologique, scandée par deux charnières: août 1947, quand la révision de la politique d'ostracisme est amorcée du fait de son échec patent; fin 1950, quand la levée du passif franquiste est révélée par le vote de l'ONU supprimant les recommandations discriminatoires édictées fin 1946, puis par la promotion du délégué au rang d'ambassadeur. Cette trajectoire conduit à opposer deux phases, séparées par une étape de transition: l'affrontement, pendant deux ans où le gouvernement français contribue à imprimer le sceau de l'infamie sur un pouvoir péninsulaire qu'il isole en interrompant les communications frontalières; l'apaisement, par lequel la coexistence succède à l'interventionnisme. L'attitude inverse est adoptée à l'égard de l'exil républicain.
Cette tripartition illustre la richesse d'un sujet qui permet d'opposer une politique étrangère mue par des ressorts idéologiques à une conduite plus usuelle obéissant à des impératifs réalistes. Grâce à la pluralité de ses registres, il offre un observatoire privilégié sur le rôle de l'homme d'État, la genèse des décisions, l'action des réseaux d'influence et des groupes de pression, le jeu des forces économiques et politiques... Il rend compte de la prégnance des valeurs de la Résistance dans l'immédiat après-guerre avant de sanctionner l'incapacité de la France à suivre une ligne originale en période de bipolarisation.
Cette tripartition illustre la richesse d'un sujet qui permet d'opposer une politique étrangère mue par des ressorts idéologiques à une conduite plus usuelle obéissant à des impératifs réalistes. Grâce à la pluralité de ses registres, il offre un observatoire privilégié sur le rôle de l'homme d'État, la genèse des décisions, l'action des réseaux d'influence et des groupes de pression, le jeu des forces économiques et politiques... Il rend compte de la prégnance des valeurs de la Résistance dans l'immédiat après-guerre avant de sanctionner l'incapacité de la France à suivre une ligne originale en période de bipolarisation.
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