L'Illusion identitaire
Paperback
ISBN13: 9782213594965
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Oct 23 1996
Pages: 314
Weight: 0.96
Height: 0.66 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
L'Occident impose-t-il au reste du monde sa propre définition des droits de l'homme et de la démocratie ? La globalisation menace-t-elle l'identité française ? Le confucianisme est-il vraiment le moteur de la réussite économique de l'Asie ? La culture africaine est-elle compatible avec le multipartisme ? L'islam est-il un obstacle insurmontable à l'intégration des Maghrébins et des Turcs en Europe de l'Ouest ?
Autant d'incertitudes, ou plutôt de trop grandes certitudes sur lesquelles nous butons constamment et qui tiennent pour acquise la permanence des cultures. Or, c'est paradoxalement l'idée même de culture qui nous empêche de saisir la dimension culturelle de l'action politique ou du développement économique. Car la formation de l'Etat met en jeu des conceptions esthétiques et morales; elle est aussi affaire de pratiques sexuelles, alimentaires, vestimentaires ou pileuses.
Au terme d'une pérégrination ironique - et souvent drôle - dans les imaginaires et les passions politiques du monde contemporain, cet ouvrage décapant invite le lecteur à réinventer l'universel démocratique pour mieux s'opposer aux tenants du combat identitaire . Les conflits qui font l'actualité - les guerres de Yougoslavie, du Caucase, d'Algérie, d'Afrique noire, ou les affrontements communalistes en Inde - tirent leur force meurtrière de la supposition qu'à une prétendue identité culturelle correspond une identité politique, en réalité tout aussi illusoire. Dans les faits, chacune de ces identités est une construction, souvent récente. Il n'y a pas d'identité naturelle qui s'imposerait à nous par la force des choses. Il n'y a que des stratégies identitaires, rationnellement conduites par des acteurs identifiables, et des rêves ou des cauchemars identitaires auxquels nous adhérons parce qu'ils nous enchantent ou nous terrorisent. Mais nous ne sommes pas condamnés à demeurer prisonniers de tels sortilèges. Le choc des civilisations n'est pas une fatalité.
Directeur de recherche au CNRS et directeur du Centre d'études et de recherches internationales de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, Jean-François Bayart est un spécialiste de politique comparée dont les travaux ont contribué au renouvellement de l'analyse de l'Etat. Il a publié plusieurs essais sur les sociétés politiques d'Afrique et du Moyen-Orient, en particulier L'Etat en afrique. La politique du ventre.
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