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L'Europe à l'époque moderne: Origines, utopies et réalités de l'idée d'Europe, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle
Paperback
ISBN13: 9782200266172
Publisher: Armand Colin
Published: Nov 1 2003
Pages: 356
Weight: 1.08
Height: 0.74 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
nouvelle présentation
L'Europe moderne renonçant à la vieille idée de monarchie universelle, pontificale ou impériale, naît au temps des fractures religieuses, politiques et militaires qui accompagnent l'apparition des monarchies nationales. La réflexion sur l'idée d'Europe est alors renvoyée à l'abstraction. Mais si, du modèle utopique de Thomas More au projet de paix perpétuelle de l'abbé de Saint-Pierre, les chimères ne manquent pas Sully ou Henri IV, Éméric Crucé, Comenius, Leibniz ou William Penn, elles posent déjà la vraie question du fédéralisme et des institutions supranationales.
En même temps, se développent une pensée juridique issue de Grotius et l'aspiration cosmopolite à une fraternité universelle. Non sans pragmatisme, une diplomatie de plus en plus structurée et active impose, au gré des congrès qui, à partir de 1648, rythment les grandes guerres européennes, une forme d'accord entre puissances, première ébauche d'une Europe qui récuse l'unité par la conquête tentée par la France révolutionnaire, puis impériale, au profit d'une entente négociée dont les institutions restent encore à mettre en oeuvre en 1815.
Jean-Pierre Bois, ancien élève de l'École normale supérieure de l'Enseignement technique, agrégé d'histoire et docteur ès lettres, est professeur à l'université de Nantes. Spécialiste de la guerre, de la société militaire et des relations internationales, il a publié notamment Les Anciens Soldats dans la société française au XVIIIe siècle (Economica, 1990), Maurice de Saxe (Fayard, 1992), Les Guerres en Europe, 1494-1792 (Belin, 1994), Bugeaud (Fayard, 1997), Fontenoy 1745, Louis XV arbitre de l'Europe (Economica, 1999).
Origines: l'idée d'Europe avant l'époque moderne, de l'Antiquité méditerranéenne à l'Occident médiéval. Les héritages anciens de la nature et de l'histoire. Unité et morcellement de l'Occident médiéval. L'Europe à la fin du XVe siècle. Ruptures l'Europe des rois à l'époque moderne, entre concurrences hégémoniques et pratiques d'équilibre. L'échec de la monarchie universelle: les déchirures de l'Europe au XVIe siècle. Les tentatives hégémoniques: malheurs et grandeur de l'Europe au XVIIe siècle. Les équilibres européens au XVIIIe siècle. Utopies: les utopies européennes, entre philosophie et politique. L'utopie: origines, modèles et développements. La voie politique les grands projets d'union européenne des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. La voie juridique: du droit de la guerre au droit naturel. Réalités approches positives de l'existence de l'Europe à l'époque moderne. Une Europe pratiquée le temps des diplomates. Une Europe vécue permanences et mutations de la civilisation européenne. L'Europe révolutionnaire et impériale l'échec des armes.
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