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Les Grecs Aux Enfers: D'Homere a Epicure
Paperback
Series: Romans, Essais, Poesie, Documents
Religion General South American History
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ISBN10: 2251445277
ISBN13: 9782251445274
Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
Published: Feb 20 2015
Pages: 336
Weight: 0.90
Height: 1.00 Width: 5.40 Depth: 8.20
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782251445274
Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
Published: Feb 20 2015
Pages: 336
Weight: 0.90
Height: 1.00 Width: 5.40 Depth: 8.20
Language: French
English summary: When examining how the Greek concept of the underworld evolved from Homer (8th century BC) to the Epicurean philosophers (3rd century BC), two key characteristics emerge: Perception of the underworld: Throughout their history, Greeks were divided between two contrasting concepts. The first, a Homeric legacy, perceived the underworld as a uniformly gloomy and dismal place, while the second, based on mystery religions and particularly on Plato, conceived of it as a highly complex place offering more pleasing prospects, mixed in with dreadful torments. Each change in the perception of the underworld underscored a new image of the universe until some challenged its very existence in the early 3rd century.
The fate of souls: The latter have always had two possible destinations (either to go to Hades or to heaven), yet this concept evolved through the ages: according to Homer, the allotment of souls was based on social criteria; then, with the advent of mystery religions (Orphism and the Eleusinian cult), it was based on whether or not one was an initiate; lastly with Plato (no doubt also among the strictest followers of Orphism), the decisive factor between good and evil was based on moral criteria.Yet in what form, and on what paths, did thinkers and poets imagine these travelling souls to be? Could souls be reincarnated?Such an exhilarating panorama as this one, spanning from the origins of the Greek world to the Roman era, exists in no other book. It offers the general public a clear and entertaining read, and scholars an in-depth and occasionally novel subject study. French description: On imagine souvent les enfers des anciens Grecs comme un lieu immuable et sans histoire. Erreur ! La representation de cet autre monde ne cesse d'evoluer au cours des siecles. C'est l'invention progressive de l'univers infernal que retrace ici Danielle Jouanna - un univers omnipresent dans l'imaginaire des poetes et des philosophes et dans la vie quotidienne des Grecs.Rien n'est fixe pour l'eternite dans ce monde de l'au-dela: ni les criteres d'orientation des morts, ni leurs juges - si tant est qu'il y en ait -, ni les voyages que l'ame doit accomplir avant de parvenir a sa destination finale, ni la vie qu'elle y menera. Autant de representations de plus en plus complexes que de meditations sur la mort, depuis Homere et les poetes tragiques jusqu'a Platon, en passant par les adeptes de l'orphisme et des cultes a mysteres.Mais l'ame est-elle vraiment immortelle ? Ne disparait-elle pas en meme temps que le corps ? Ou, si elle survit, est-elle vouee a un cycle indefini de reincarnations - sous quelle forme, d'ailleurs ? Des le vie siecle avant notre ere apparait la tentation du scepticisme, qui culminera avec Epicure.Cependant, obstinee et sans cesse resurgente, la croyance en la survie de l'ame resistera toujours a la tentation du doute.Danielle Jouanna, agregee de l'Universite, a consacre a l'antiquite grecque son enseignement et ses recherches. Elle a transmis sa passion a ses eleves de classes preparatoires (khagne et hypokhagne) a Strasbourg, puis a Versailles. Auteur de nombreux manuels scolaires et universitaires, elle a aussi publie des ouvrages remarques comme Aspasie de Milet, egerie de Pericles (Prix Diane Potier-Boes 2006 de l'Academie Francaise) et L'Europe est nee en Grece (2009).
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