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Les activités mentales: De l'interprétation de l'information à l'action
Paperback
ISBN13: 9782200267957
Publisher: Armand Colin
Published: Jan 2 2005
Pages: 432
Weight: 1.31
Height: 0.88 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
4e édition
Les activités mentales sont des activités transversales qui mettent en jeu de multiples compétences: prise d'information, récupération en mémoire de savoirs et savoir-faire, formation d'hypothèses et production d'inférences, élaboration de buts, prise de décisions et évaluation des résultats de l'action.
Ce sont des activités complexes elles concernent des tâches ouvertes dont le but n'est pas exécutable immédiatement, mais doit être réélaboré pour tenir compte à la fois des possibilités d'action offertes par l'environnement et des savoirs possédés. Ces activités sont très imbriquées la compréhension comporte à la fois de la prise d'information, des inférences et des buts spécifiques à la tâche. Le raisonnement et la résolution de problème reposent fondamentalement sur une interprétation de la situation et exigent souvent une réinterprétation pour arriver à une conclusion ou une solution. Il existe toujours une cohérence entre la façon dont la situation est comprise, les inférences faites et les solutions mises en oeuvre. D'où la troisième caractéristique des activités mentales: leur cohérence, laquelle peut conduire à des conclusions logiquement erronées ou à des actions inadaptées, mais explicables.
Le contrôle de l'activité est sans conteste la question la plus occultée en psychologie cognitive une partie centrale de l'ouvrage y est consacrée.
Le présent livre constitue une refonte très approfondie, considérablement augmentée par rapport aux éditions précédentes, de cet ouvrage désormais classique. À maints égards, c'est un livre nouveau, qui garde toute la valeur de référence de l'ancien, tout en plongeant dans les débats les plus contemporains. Comme tel, il sera plus que jamais un outil de travail et de réflexion pour les étudiants, enseignants et chercheurs en psychologie.
Jean-François Richard, ancien élève de l'École Normale Supérieure, est professeur émérite à l'Université de Paris VIII.
Les contraintes de fonctionnement des systèmes de traitement de l'information. Connaissances et représentations: les formes de connaissances. Comprendre: construire une représentation. L'acquisition de connaissances. Raisonnements formels et raisonnements en situation: les inférences dans le raisonnement inductif. Le raisonnement déductif la déduction à partir de prémisses. Les raisonnements en situation: inférences pour comprendre et inférences pour agir. Exemple d'analyse de protocole individuel.
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