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Histoire politique du clergé chiite: XVIIIe-XXIe siècle
Paperback
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ISBN10: 2213680701
ISBN13: 9782213680705
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Mar 26 2014
Pages: 328
Weight: 0.99
Height: 0.68 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
ISBN13: 9782213680705
Publisher: Fayard
Published: Mar 26 2014
Pages: 328
Weight: 0.99
Height: 0.68 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
Contrairement à une idée reçue selon laquelle il n'y a pas de clergé en islam, le chiisme connaît depuis deux siècles un processus de cléricalisation rapide et sans limite. Parallèlement à leur organisation, les dirigeants religieux chiites font également preuve d'une implication croissante dans les affaires politiques.
Comment fonctionne cette institution, la marja'iyya, sorte de Vatican collégial pour les chiites du monde entier ? Pierre-Jean Luizard nous offre un éclairage historique sur une instance méconnue, mais extrêmement influente. Sa lutte contre l'expansionnisme européen et le colonialisme tout au long du XIXe et du XXe siècle, son opposition à la fondation d'un État-nation arabe en Irak sous mandat britannique, le soutien à Mosaddegh, la révolution islamique en Iran, l'essor du Hezbollah au Liban, les mouvements d'opposition à Bahreïn et dans le Golfe, enfin la reconstruction, sous patronage américain, d'un État irakien dominé par les partis religieux chiites sont autant d'exemples du rôle majeur que cette direction religieuse entend jouer dans le champ du politique.
Alors que les chiites sont souvent présents dans l'actualité, notamment en raison des conflits qui les opposent aux sunnites, leur clergé est encore appelé à se transformer pour faire face aux défis du XXIe siècle, en particulier à la sécularisation rapide des sociétés.
Comment fonctionne cette institution, la marja'iyya, sorte de Vatican collégial pour les chiites du monde entier ? Pierre-Jean Luizard nous offre un éclairage historique sur une instance méconnue, mais extrêmement influente. Sa lutte contre l'expansionnisme européen et le colonialisme tout au long du XIXe et du XXe siècle, son opposition à la fondation d'un État-nation arabe en Irak sous mandat britannique, le soutien à Mosaddegh, la révolution islamique en Iran, l'essor du Hezbollah au Liban, les mouvements d'opposition à Bahreïn et dans le Golfe, enfin la reconstruction, sous patronage américain, d'un État irakien dominé par les partis religieux chiites sont autant d'exemples du rôle majeur que cette direction religieuse entend jouer dans le champ du politique.
Alors que les chiites sont souvent présents dans l'actualité, notamment en raison des conflits qui les opposent aux sunnites, leur clergé est encore appelé à se transformer pour faire face aux défis du XXIe siècle, en particulier à la sécularisation rapide des sociétés.
Spécialiste de l'islam contemporain au Moyen-Orient, Pierre-Jean Luizard est chercheur au CNRS. Il a notamment publié La Formation de l'Irak contemporain (CNRS Éditions, 2002), La Question irakienne (Fayard, 2002; nouv. éd. 2004), Laïcités autoritaires en terre d'Islam (Fayard, 2008) et Comment est né l'Irak moderne (CNRS Éditions, 2009).
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