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Histoire de l'Afrique Du Nord
Paperback
Series: Histoire de l'Afrique Du Nord Des Origines À Nos Jours, Book 1
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ISBN13: 9798320792408
Publisher: Independently Published
Pages: 828
Weight: 2.39
Height: 1.64 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
Publisher: Independently Published
Pages: 828
Weight: 2.39
Height: 1.64 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: French
L'Afrique du Nord est formée de cinq pays, l'Égypte, la Libye, la Tunisie, l'Algérie et le Maroc. Dans l'appellation courante, cette immense région est divisée en Machrek (Égypte et Libye) et en Maghreb (Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc), deux mots arabes signifiant Levant pour le premier,
Couchant pour le second.
Couchant pour le second.
Si nous voulions être plus précis, nous devrions prendre en compte le fait que la Libye fait à la fois partie de chacun de ces deux ensembles. La Cyrénaïque qui a jadis été imprégnée d'une puissante marque hellénistique est en effet culturellement rattachée au Machrek, alors que la Tripolitaine qui a subi l'influence carthaginoise fait partie du Maghreb. Durant l'antiquité, la limite entre les deux régions était matérialisée par l' autel des Philènes édifié au fond du golfe de la Grande Syrte1 (voir plus loin page 62), golfe séparant la Cyrénaïque de la Tripolitaine où se rejoignent et même se croisent, routes littorales et pistes transsahariennes menant aux bassins du Niger et du Tchad par le Fezzan (Martel, 1991: 31).
Le nom de Libye fut employé pour la première fois par Homère2. Il vient très probablement des Égyptiens qui subissaient la pression des Lebou - d'où Libye -, Berbères3 sahariens qui cherchaient à pénétrer dans la riche vallée du Nil.
Pour les Arabes, le Maghreb, autrement dit la Berbérie, était la Djezirah el-Maghreb ou île du Couchant dont ils baptisèrent la partie la plus orientale du nom d'Ifrîqîaya ou Ifrikiya (littéralement: Petite Afrique)4. Cette dernière englobait la partie la plus occidentale de l'actuelle Libye, c'est-à - dire la Tripolitaine, la Tunisie et la partie orientale de l'Algérie actuelle. Pour les conquérants arabes, les habitants de la région étaient les Roumis, les Romains, car, d'après eux, l'empire byzantin auquel ils furent confrontés était l'héritier de Rome. Quant à la partie la plus occidentale de la Berbérie, essentiellement l'Oranie et l'actuel Maroc, ils lui donnèrent le nom de Maghreb el-Aqça (Le Couchant lointain).
Le nom de Libye fut employé pour la première fois par Homère2. Il vient très probablement des Égyptiens qui subissaient la pression des Lebou - d'où Libye -, Berbères3 sahariens qui cherchaient à pénétrer dans la riche vallée du Nil.
Pour les Arabes, le Maghreb, autrement dit la Berbérie, était la Djezirah el-Maghreb ou île du Couchant dont ils baptisèrent la partie la plus orientale du nom d'Ifrîqîaya ou Ifrikiya (littéralement: Petite Afrique)4. Cette dernière englobait la partie la plus occidentale de l'actuelle Libye, c'est-à - dire la Tripolitaine, la Tunisie et la partie orientale de l'Algérie actuelle. Pour les conquérants arabes, les habitants de la région étaient les Roumis, les Romains, car, d'après eux, l'empire byzantin auquel ils furent confrontés était l'héritier de Rome. Quant à la partie la plus occidentale de la Berbérie, essentiellement l'Oranie et l'actuel Maroc, ils lui donnèrent le nom de Maghreb el-Aqça (Le Couchant lointain).
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