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Géographie régionale: De la région au territoire
Paperback
General World HistoryGeography
ISBN13: 9782200267148
Publisher: Armand Colin
Published: Nov 7 2006
Pages: 340
Weight: 1.04
Height: 0.71 Width: 6.02 Depth: 9.25
Language: French
Les hommes divisent la surface de la terre en régions, en pays ou en territoires. Pour se repérer et s'orienter, chacun distingue des ensembles homogènes ou polarisés - des régions. La géographie rend ces opérations plus systématiques et plus rigoureuses. Les cadres territoriaux qu'elle distingue facilitent le classement des informations dont les administrateurs ont besoin et la conception des stratégies d'aménagement. Les moyens statistiques modernes et les images satellitaires précisent le dessin des divisions territoriales et permettent de suivre l'évolution de leur contenu.
L'espace dans lequel les hommes vivent n'est jamais, pour eux, un simple support ils se sentent chez eux dans le pays où ils évoluent et se reconnaissent dans le territoire que domine leur groupe. Certains lieux revêtent une signification particulière leurs paysages et leurs monuments symbolisent les identités collectives. Ils sont marqués par une culture, qu'ils contribuent à pérenniser et à transmettre.
Entre la division objective en régions et l'investissement affectif des lieux, des pays et des territoires, les rapports sont multiples. La montée des régionalismes et des autonomismes en apporte la preuve, comme le souci grandissant de préserver les paysages naturels et leurs formes d'utilisation traditionnelles.
Dans le monde d'hier, la vie de relation restait limitée, si bien que les conditions naturelles pesaient beaucoup sur l'articulation territoriale. Le réseau mondial des communications constitue aujourd'hui le ressort essentiel de l'organisation de l'espace. Face au danger d'uniformisation qu'il introduit, les gens réagissent en défendant leurs identités de toujours et en affirmant leur attachement aux lieux et aux territoires familiers. Ils découvrent aussi de nouvelles manières de s'insérer dans l'espace et de le vivre.
Paul Claval est professeur émérite de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne. Il s'intéresse depuis quarante ans aux fondements de la géographie régionale. Ses travaux ont porté par ailleurs sur la géographie économique, sociale, politique et culturelle, sur les villes, sur l'histoire de la discipline et sur son épistémologie.
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