A Course in Food Analysis

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1917 Excerpt: ... of the cells of the two layers aids in distinguishing the different Fig. 61.--Pea. Outer layers in cross section. 5 spermoderm consists of pal palisade cells with I light line, sub column cells, and p parenchyma. C cotyledon with am starch cells. X160. (winton.) legumes. In beans each of the cells, corresponding to the column cells of peas, contains a beautiful crystal of calcium oxalate. The Starch Grains (am) of the pea are ellipsoidal, irregularly swollen, or bean shaped, varying in length up to 40/u. The hilum is elongated, but not so distinct as in beans or lentils. Many legumes contain starch, some, such as the soy bean and lupine, do not. Characteristic Elements. (1) The palisade cells 60 to 10o/u high (Fig. 61, pal); (2) hour-glass or column cells up to Fig. 62.--Cotton Seed. / cross section. // longitudinal section. 5 spermoderm; NE perisperm and endosperm; C cotyledons; R radicle. X4-(winton.) 20/u high (sub); (3) irregularly ellipsoidal starch grains up to 40/u (am). Cotton Seed. A considerable number of economic seeds are characterized by the presence of oil instead of starch as reserve material. These oil seeds yield by pressure or extraction commercial oils, such as cotton seed, linseed, rape, sesame, cocoanut, palm, hemp seed, and poppy seed, which are used for foods, drugs, and various technical purposes, while the residual cake is commonly utilized for feeding cattle. Oil cakes contain a considerable amount of fatty oil which it is impracticable to remove and very high percentages of pro COTTON SEED 107 tein, because of which they are known as concentrated feeds. Fig. 63.--Cotton Seed. Cross section. 5 Spermoderm consists of ep epidermis with h hair, br outer brown coat with R raphe, w colorless cells, pal palisade ...