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The Cathedral Church of Canterbury [2nd ed.]: A Description of Its Fabric and a Brief History of the Archiepiscopal See
Paperback
Publisher: Nicolebooks
Published: Sep 1 2026
Pages: 118
Weight: 0.37
Height: 0.25 Width: 6.00 Depth: 9.00
Language: English
THE HISTORY OF THE BUILDING.
M
ore than four hundred years passed by between the beginning of the
building of this cathedral by Archbishop Lanfranc (1070-1089) and its
completion, by the addition of the great central tower, at the end of the fif-
teenth century. But before tracing the history of the construction of the
present well-known fabric, a few words will not be out of place concerning
the church which preceded it on the same site. A British or Roman church,
said to have been built by a certain mythical King Lucius, was given to St.
Augustine by Ethelbert in A.D. 597. It was designed, broadly speaking, on
the plan of the old Basilica of St. Peter at Rome, but as to the latest date of
any alterations, which may or may not have been made by Augustine and his
immediate successors, we have no accurate information. It is, however, def-
initely stated that Archbishop Odo, who held the see from A.D. 942-959,
raised the walls and rebuilt the roof. In the course of these alterations the
church was roofless for three years, and we are told that no rain fell within
the precincts during this time. In A.D. 1011 Canterbury was pillaged by the
Danes, who carried off Archbishop Alphege to Greenwich, butchered the
monks, and did much damage to the church. The building was, however,
3 HARTLEY WITHERS
restored by Canute, who made further atonement by hanging up his crown
within its walls, and bringing back the body of Alphege, who had been mar-
tyred by the Danes. In the year 1067 the storms of the Norman Conquest
overwhelmed St. Augustine's church, which was completely destroyed by
fire, together with many royal deeds of privilege and papal bulls, and other
valuable documents.
A description of the church thus destroyed is given by Prof. Willis, who
quotes all the ancient writers who mention it. The chief authority is Ead-
mer, who was a boy at the monastery school when the Saxon church was
pulled down, and was afterwards a monk and singer in the cathedral. It is
he who tells us that it was arranged in some parts in imitation of the church
of St. Peter at Rome. Odo had translated the body of Wilfrid, Archbishop
of York, from Ripon to Canterbury, and had worthily placed it in a more
lofty receptacle, to use his own words, that is to say, in the great Altar which
was constructed of rough stones and mortar, close to the wall at the eastern
part of the presbytery. Afterwards another altar was placed at a convenient
distance before the aforesaid altar.... In this altar the blessed Elphege had
solemnly deposited the head of St. Swithin ... and also many relics of other
saints. To reach these altars, a certain crypt which the Romans call a Confes-
sionary had to be ascended by means of several steps from the choir of the
singers. This crypt was fabricated beneath in the likeness of the confession-
ary of St. Peter, the vault of which was raised so high that the part above
could only be reached by many steps. The resting-place of St. Dunstan was
Gregory.... Opposite to this tower and on the north, the other tower
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