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Código Negro
Paperback
Series: Leyes, Book 96
African HistoryCaribbean HistoryGeneral Law
ISBN13: 9788411268271
Publisher: Linkgua Ediciones
Published: Jan 1 2024
Pages: 30
Weight: 0.11
Height: 0.07 Width: 5.83 Depth: 8.27
Language: Spanish
Se llamó Código Negro a un conjunto de medidas de castigo para las personas de raza negra emitidas temporalmente en situaciones de emergencia. Los Códigos Negros se aplicaron en las colonias españolas. El presente se promulgó en Puerto Rico, por Juan Prim, entonces gobernador de la isla. Este código pretendió prevenir las rebeliones de esclavos.
El Código Negro de Prim seguÃa una larga tradición de medidas racistas y represivas en contra de la raza africana en Puerto Rico. En el año 1812, Salvador Meléndez y Bruna, entonces gobernador de Puerto Rico, prohibió el mero hecho de promover la abolición de esclavitud, entre otras represalias mucho más duras. ParecÃa existir un miedo a una rebelión o revolución masiva de negros.
El militar español Juan Prim fue nombrado capitán general de Puerto Rico en octubre de 1847. Su mando duró solamente hasta julio de 1848, pero fue suficiente para implementar este temible y terrible Código Negro. Con él Prim, mediante duras represalias, intentó impedir la sublevación de los esclavos puertorriqueños.
El Código negro de Prim autorizaba a los dueños de esclavos el castigarlos a su gusto, en casos de intento de escape, pues servÃa para
evitar que los demás sigan su ejemplo.
El sistema tenÃa que proteger la supremacÃa blanca. Esto significa que todos los negros, no solamente los esclavos, estaban bajo control legal pues eran una amenaza. Prim comienza estableciendo penas a los delitos que
cometan los individuos de raza africana residentes en la isla, sean libres o esclavos.
Esta primera referencia establece con claridad que no se trata de un sistema de control de los esclavos solamente. Los negros libres también estarÃan sometidos al control colonial.
El artÃculo primero, establece que los delitos cometidos por individuos de raza africana se juzgarÃan en un tribunal militar con jurisdicción exclusiva. Este aspecto deja claro que el esclavo o el libre no es un ciudadano, miembro del cuerpo polÃtico.
El artÃculo segundo, establece que si un individuo de raza africana libre o esclavo, hiciere armas contra los blancos será pasado por las armas. Debemos notar que Prim ordena que, si un negro usa armas contra los blancos sea ejecutado, sin importar si su acto se justifica.
Según este bando el uso de armas por parte del esclavo contra el blanco justificada que sea la agresión suponÃa la pena de muerte.
Cuando se tratase de un negro libre, se aplicarÃa la mutilación como castigo. El bando de Prim establece que si el agresor fuere libre se le cortará la mano derecha. Sin embargo, este mismo documento establece que si el blanco fuera herido por el negro, entonces se aplicará la pena de muerte.
El Código Negro de Prim pone en evidencia el poder de la supremacÃa blanca que se construyó sobre la exclusión y deshumanización del negro. También pone en evidencia las profundas conexiones entre la supremacÃa blanca y el colonialismo.
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