The Adequacy of Representation in Capital Cases: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1864 edition. Excerpt: ...Composite track saves 475 miles on the Rhumb, though itself 190 miles more than the true Great Circle track. A chart on a small scale has this advantage, that the arc can be described with an ordinary pair of compasses and lengthening bar. A large Chart requires beam compasses. See the end of this article, as to the matter of charts. The following will exhibit the respective Latitudes and Longitudes on the small chart, of the Composite track by Mr. Fisher's method. Now, to compare the distance by this Composite, with that by the usual method of Composite Great Circle Sailing. It is evident, by reference to the figure, that the distance by the usual Composite method (A, a, v, o, B), exceeds the true Great Circle arc, as the distance a, o, by Parallel sailing, exceeds the Creat Circle arc a, V, o. We have then first to find the Longitudes in which a and o are situated, which in the above Example, are 36 28' E., and 137 42' E.; Aa shown in the foot-note, 3 pages back. the distance a, v, o being 101 14' of Longitude, which in the parallel of 50 = 3904 miles. The Great Circle arc a, V, o is calculated (as shown 8 pages further back) 3575 miles. The excess therefore by Parallel sailing this portion, is 329 miles. The entire Great Circle distance from A to B is 5387 miles; and hence the distance by the usual Composite is 5387 + 329 = 5716 miles; whilst, as just shown, the distance by Mr. Fisher's method is 5577 miles, or a gain of 139 miles on the usual method, with the advantage (not an inconsiderable one) of having much less distance to run in an iceberg latitude. Take another Example. A vessel coming out of Bass's Straits, bound round Cape Horn; or from 40 3C S., and 148 0' E., to 56 10' S., and 67 10' W. By true Great Circle sailing, ...