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形而下学
Paperback
PhilosophyChineseFiction Anthologies
ISBN13: 9781683727170
Publisher: Dixie W Publishing Corporation
Published: Apr 15 2025
Pages: 234
Weight: 0.63
Height: 0.53 Width: 5.83 Depth: 8.27
Language: Chinese
本书《形而下学》主要探讨了自然三观和价值三观。自然三观包括宇宙观、存在观和联系观。宇宙观必然包含宇宙运动的总的规律和第一推动。老子的反者道之动是一种宇宙观。黑格尔的绝对精神及其辩证运动是一种形而上学形式的宇宙观。形而下学从中文文字的表意特点，发现了势（子）就是宇宙的本原（子）实体本身。势理既不是物理，也不是心理，它是唯物主义和唯心主义的辩证统一。事物自身包含的两种不同性质的势的势对立构成宇宙运动的总的规律即矛盾律--事物的对立面双方总有从积极面向消极面转化的倾向。这就说明，事物的消极面因素是事物发展的阻力而不是事物发展的动力，或者说矛盾是事物发展的阻力。这与自古希腊以来的传统观念相悖。形而下学存在观是一种运动观，即个体自时空变化始终保持自身的独一无二的唯一性。这就是存在观的同一律（A-A ）。存在即变化。存在观的同一律和联系观的交换律是形而下学认识论的基础。联系观交换律的纯客观，是形而下学认识论悬置意识的根据，让怀疑者无权怀疑。形而下学认识论颠覆了康德先验认识论的基础，揭示了康德关于自在之物不可认识的矛盾性。
价值三观包括正义观、自由观和幸福观。人类社会经历了势分散、势分裂和势统一的三个历史发展阶段。正义观的第一性原理来自于宇宙观矛盾律的分析，即只有实现势统一才能实现社会文明量（值）的最大化和最优化。民主制度是社会势统一的唯一代表形式，民主是正义的代表。没有真理的标准，公平就失去了准星。民主的四个基本原则就是现代民主的标准，现代民主是现代文明的标志。衡量一个社会的自由程度包括自由的度和自由度。由此补充并得出了经济可持续发展的三个必要条件。他由的积极自由悖论的发现具有十分重要的现实意义。只有自由的积极自由才能实现真正的自由。自由的不幸福也是幸福，正义的不自由也是自由。这就是价值
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